Search results for "Autism."
showing 10 items of 454 documents
The relationship between 2D:4D ratio and systemizing and empathy quotients in parents of people with autism spectrum disorders
2011
IntroductionInterdigital 2D:4D ratio has been considered as an indicator of prenatal exposure to androgens, entailing then a smaller ratio more androgenisation. Although it has been related to systemizing and empathy dimensions in the general population, it has never been studied in parents of people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs).Objectives and aimsTo analyse the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and these psychological variables in this population.MethodsThe sample was composed by parents of both genders of people with (n = 46) or without (n = 42) ASDs. The ratio was calculated as the mean of 3 measurements of each hand evaluated by 3 different researchers. Psychological dimensi…
Interacción social y comunicación temprana en hermanos de niños con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión de la literatura
2017
Los hermanos de niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) tienen un mayor riesgo que la media de la población infantil, entre un 5 y un 10%, de ser después diagnosticados con el trastorno. Por otra parte, algunos de estos hermanos han mostrado, independientemente de ser más tarde diagnosticados, tener dificultades en las interacciones sociales tempranas. ¿Son habituales este tipo de conductas, no necesariamente vinculadas al trastorno, en hermanos de niños con TEA? En el presente trabajo se plantea una revisión bibliográfica para explorar los hallazgos más recientes en respuesta a este interrogante. Las principales conclusiones apuntan a un patrón de comunicación temprana diferente, o …
Autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: measurement and treatment
2021
Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that have, in common, deficits in communication and social interaction and present repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. There is a great variability of symptoms associated with ASD. Among them, anxiety disorders are perhaps one of the most frequent and most developmentally disruptive in children, youths, and adults, which generate alterations in family life also. The treatments based on cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) have the highest scientific evidence. In a population with ASD, both program adaptations and specific programs have been developed. Due to its characteristics, the most studied p…
2015
Low prevalence of substance-use disorder has been reported in adults with autism. However, on a superficial level, adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) display a ‘normal’ facade when they drink alcohol, which may explain why their alcohol dependency is not better diagnosed. Here, we report two cases of HFA adults who use alcohol and psychostimulants to cope with their anxiety and improve their cognitive abilities and social skills. We analyze how neurocognitive traits associated with HFA may be potential triggers for substance-use disorder. Better identification of autism and its cognitive impairments, which may be vulnerability traits for developing substance-use disorders, could help…
Il Protocollo RE4BES per il potenziamento delle abilità cognitive, emotive e sociali di un bambino con disturbo dello spettro autistico
2020
The study reports an intervention study on a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The intervention was conducted using some activities included in the RE4BES protocol, a collection of guidelines for the implementation of educational robots intervention for children and young people with special educational eeeds. To assess the efficacy of the intervention, an A-B-A quasi-experimental design was used, in which the involved child was repeatedly evaluated before, during and after treatment. The results showed that robotics activities produced significant changes in his fine motor skills, verbal and preverbal skills, social reciprocity and emotional expression. Furthermore, it was possible to o…
Efectividad del uso de las tic en la intervención educativa con estudiantes con TEA
2019
The use of ICT has supposed a great advance in the field of educational intervention with students with ASD. The reviews carried out so far have included an analysis from a theoretical point of view, but have not provided evidence of the interventions effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this work is to review some of the studies that have provided scientific evidence about the effectiveness of the use of ICT in educational intervention with children diagnosed with ASD. To this end, the results obtained are divided into four sections, which include: 1) the main reasons why some ICT tools can be considered good candidates to improve the education of these children; 2) what kind of ICTs have …
Sexual Dysfunctions and Their Association with the Dual Control Model of Sexual Response in Men and Women with High-Functioning Autism
2019
Adults with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, repetitive and stereotyped interests and behaviours as well as hyper- and/or hyposensitivities. These disorder specific symptoms could be associated with the development of sexual disorders. The Dual Control Model of Sexual Response presents one approach that is frequently used to explain the emergence of sexual dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to assess the extent of symptoms of sexual dysfunctions in men and women with ASD and to evaluate their association with the individual propensity of sexual excitation and inhibition as defined by the Dual Control Mode…
Perceptions of EFL learning and teaching by autistic students, their teachers and their school assistants
2017
Englannin kielen opetuksen toteutuksesta autistisille oppilaille Suomessa on vain niukasti tutkimustietoa, vaikka autismia ja autististen lasten opettamista on tutkittu varsin kattavasti. Autismi on yleensä ennen kolmatta ikävuotta havaittava kehityksellinen häiriö, joka vaikuttaa merkittävästi verbaaliseen ja nonverbaaliseen viestintään. Autismin peruspiirteiseen kuuluvat sosiaalisten taitojen puutteellisuus, heikentynyt viestintäkyky, kuuloherkkyys, impulsiivisuus, rajoittuneet mielenkiinnon kohteet ja toistuvat maneerit sekä puheessa että toiminnassa. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää, mitä käsityksiä autistisilla oppilailla, heidän opettajillaan ja koulunkäyntiavustajillaan on engla…
Erityinen tuki perusopetuksen oppilaille, joilla tuen tarpeen taustalla on vakavia psyykkisiä ongelmia, kehitysvamma- tai autismin kirjon diagnoosi :…
2013
Tämä raportti on kirjoitettu VETURI-hankkeessa. Kyseessä on nelivuotinen tutkimus- ja kehittämis-hanke, joka kohdistuu perusopetuksen erityiseen tukeen. Tarkastelun kohteena on moniammatillista erityistä tukea oppimiseensa ja kuntoutumiseensa tarvitsevat oppilaat, joilla on vakavia psyykkisiä pul-mia, moni- tai vaikeavammaisuutta, kehitysvammaisuutta tai autismin kirjon diagnoosi. Useilla kohde-ryhmän lapsilla on pidennetty oppivelvollisuus. Lisäksi tähän ryhmään saattaa kuulua kotiopetuksessa olevia lapsia. VETURI-hanke toteutetaan yhteistyössä Helsingin yliopiston opettajankoulutuslaitoksen erityispeda-gogiikan ja Jyväskylän yliopiston kasvatustieteiden laitoksen erityispedagogiikan yksik…