Search results for "Autocracy"
showing 10 items of 14 documents
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study.
2011
With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention …
PORTRAITS OF RUSSIAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS: IDENTIFICATION AND WAYS OF LEADERSHIP
2009
Entrepreneurship has developed in Russia during the past two decades, which is a short time to develop a firm business culture. Women are still a minority among entrepreneurs globally, also in Russia [Verhovskaya, O. and Dorokhina, M. (2008) GEM. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Executive Summary, Russia 2007, www.gemconsortium.org, 30.9.2008]. Our study focuses on Russian women entrepreneurship by means of an interview and photographs of 10 women entrepreneurs in the St. Petersburg area. We ask, how do they identify themselves in the current economic situation. Further, we ask if there is a specifically Russian type of women entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial identification. Finally, in …
An ‘Authoritarian Nexus’? China’s Alleged Special Relationship with Autocratic States in Latin America
2015
China’s rise is often interpreted as a harbinger of a new era in world politics and raises the question if such a power transition may impact upon patterns of democratic rule across the globe. There is growing interest in whether China acts as an outside stabilizer for other authoritarian regimes. This paper contributes to the emerging literature on the international dimension of autocratic rule by focusing on Chinese Latin American policy. Using the method of structured focused comparisons, we want to assess whether China’s relations towards the Latin American autocracies Cuba and Venezuela differ from those with structurally similar, but democratic cooperation partners in the region, name…
Oblicza autokracji w czeskich dystopiach literackich (na wybranych przykładach)
2018
The paper deals with the phenomenon of dystopia in Czech literaturę before 1989. The main aim of the article is to present some similiar views on totalitarian power and its influence on the individual in Czech novels and short stories: Datum narozeni nula by Ludmiła Freiova, Poselstvi pro Agla Mathona by Ondrej Neff, Utopie, nejlepśi verze by lvan Kminek and Maso by Martin Harmcek. The purpose of the paper was also to show how in the authors’ visions of autocratic States, administration is taking control over ordinary people and what kind of tools it uses to manipulate them: terror, self-censorship or various addictions.
Conrad and Censorship in Poland
2012
This essay explores the ways in which Conrad's life and letters were inextricably connected with the censorship imposed by three political systems: Tsarist autocracy, Nazi totalitarianism, and Communism. Conrad's oeuvre was itself a “victim” of two regimes of totalitarian censorship and political persecution. In occupied Poland between 1939 and 1945, his writing became a spiritual guide for the young generation, helping them to survive the horrors of the war and occupation. After the war, Conrad was banned by the Polish Communists, and supposedly forgotten. Totalitarian systems, it is argued, regard Conrad's works as dangerous and subversive because of their moral message of respect for hum…
Comparing the performance of autocracies: issues in measuring types of autocratic regimes and performance
2013
This paper discusses two methodological issues in research studying the performance of political regimes. First, it compares the conceptualisation and measurement of three data sets on types of autocratic regimes developed by Geddes et al. (2012a), Hadenius et al. (2012), and Cheibub et al. (2010). The data sets are found to differ with respect to their conceptualisation of autocratic regimes (narrow vs. flexible concepts) and types of autocratic regimes (criteria for classification, number of autocratic regime types and definition of the main types), as well as their levels of measurement (simple vs. complex indicators). As a result, the choice of data sets matters for this type of researc…
A Failed Constitutional Experiment: The Monarchical Constitutionalism and the Organic Regulations of 1831-1832
2020
In this paper I intend to give a brief account of the context, causes, structure, aims and dynamic of what I decided to label the Romanian ‘monarchical constitutionalism without octroy’, as a subspecies of the monarchical constitutionalism. After a short account of the geopolitical, political, legal and social contexts specific to the Romanian Principalities at 1830, I shall address the provisions of the ORs against the accepted standards of the monarchical constitutionalism and follow their subsequent developments in the Romanian constitutional and political praxis. My core idea is that the Russians have borrowed from France and imposed the specific constitutional mechanisms of limited mon…
Oblicza autokracji w czeskich dystopiach literackich na wybranych przykładach
2019
FACES OF AUTOCRACY IN CZECH LITERARY DYSTOPIASThe paper deals with the phenomenon of dystopia in Czech literature before 1989. The main aim of the article is to present some similiar views on totalitarian power and its influence on the individual in Czech novels and short stories: Datum narození nula by Ludmila Freiová, Poselství pro Agla Mathona by Ondřej Neff, Utopie, nejlepší verze by Ivan Kmínek and Maso by Martin Harníček. The purpose of the paper was also to show how in the authors’ visions of autocratic states, administration is taking control over ordinary people and what kind of tools it uses to manipulate them: terror, self-censorship or various addictions.
Séneca como personaje literario en una Europa en transformación. Consideraciones metodológicas sobre su recepción
2019
A partir del estudio de la Historia de la vida de Lucio Anneo Sé-neca español (Madrid, 1625) de Juan Pablo Mártir Rizo y del Essai sur les règnes de Claude et de Néron et sur les m urs et les écrits de Sénèque pour servir d'introduction à la lecture de ce philosophe (1782) de Denis Diderot, este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación entre las diferentes in-terpretaciones de los aspectos cruciales de la vida del personaje y el contexto político y filosófico en el que se conciben ambas obras. El análisis permite comprobar que, si bien Mártir Rizo desarrolla una reflexión sobre la natura-leza del poder en el marco del tacitismo, Diderot se centra en la libertad y la responsabilidad…
“Nature caprices are finally defeated!”: reclamation politics and practices in Latvia during the era of modernism
2019
Soviet agro-polders, as ideological and highly technological assemblies, were among the first ones to signify the productivism era in the rural landscape of the Baltic republics and the modernisation of Soviet agriculture there. At the time of autocratic reigning of productivist ideas, polders were a testimony to productivity – the means to disband with the unproductive past and demonstrate the Soviet Union’s scientific and technological supremacy over the traditional ways of managing the wetlands. The establishment of polders took place during two different periods of Soviet agricultural developments. The first phase occurred as part of Khrushchev’s reforms, whereas the second was implemen…