Search results for "Autophagy"
showing 10 items of 322 documents
Ethanol promotes survival and tumor progression of colon cancer cells
2018
In the Western Countries, colon cancer is the third tumor for aggressiveness and incidence after lung and breast/prostate cancer. Different risk factors concur to the development of colon cancer, including genetic factors, inflammation, intestinal microflora composition, as well as lifestyle. Epidemiologic studies correlating alcohol consumption and assert that the risks are 5-fold higher among drinkers compared to nondrinkers. However, the exact mechanisms correlating heavy alcohol drinking and colon cancer are not completely elucidated yet. To shed light on the biochemical mechanisms through which alcohol favors colon cancer progression, we evaluated the effect of high doses of ethanol (1…
Heavy Metals and Metalloids as Autophagy Inducing Agents: Focus on Cadmium and Arsenic
2012
In recent years, research on the autophagic process has greatly increased, invading the fields of biology and medicine. Several markers of the autophagic process have been discovered and various strategies have been reported studying this molecular process in different biological systems in both physiological and stress conditions. Furthermore, mechanisms of metalloid- or heavy metal-induced toxicity continue to be of interest given the ubiquitous nature and distribution of these contaminants in the environment where they often play the role of pollutants of numerous organisms. The aim of this review is a critical analysis and correlation of knowledge of autophagic mechanisms studied under …
The Role of Autophagy in Eye Diseases
2021
Autophagy is a catabolic process that ensures homeostasis in the cells of our organism. It plays a crucial role in protecting eye cells against oxidative damage and external stress factors. Ocular pathologies of high incidence, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are of multifactorial origin and are associated with genetic, environmental factors, age, and oxidative stress, among others; the latter factor is one of the most influential in ocular diseases, directly affecting the processes of autophagy activity. Alteration of the normal functioning of autophagy processes can interrupt organelle turnover, leading to the accumulation of cellula…
The deubiquitinase USP11 is a versatile and conserved regulator of autophagy
2021
Autophagy is a major cellular quality control system responsible for the degradation of proteins and organelles in response to stress and damage to maintain homeostasis. Ubiquitination of autophagy-related proteins or regulatory components is important for the precise control of autophagy pathways. Here, we show that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) restricts autophagy and that KO of USP11 in mammalian cells results in elevated autophagic flux. We also demonstrate that depletion of the USP11 homolog H34C03.2 in Caenorhabditis elegans triggers hyperactivation of autophagy and protects the animals against human amyloid-β peptide 42 aggregation-induced paralysis. USP11…
P. lividus oogenesis and early development require autophagy
2014
It is well known that autophagy is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components, in both basal and stress conditions. We have recently demonstrated the activation of autophagy in P. lividus embryos: at high levels, after a stress induced by cadmium, and at basal levels, during the physiological development (1) (2). Here we report ours recent data about autophagy during oogenesis and segmentation. In order to detect autophagolysosomes (AVOs) and autolysosomes, we respectively performed incubation in vivo with acridine orange (AO), and in situ immunofluorescence (IF) with the anti-LC3 antibody (autophagy marker). All observations were carried out by …
Editorial: Highlights of ENPER 2019—European Network for Plant Endomembrane Research Meeting
2021
published
Novel Insights into the Cellular Localization and Regulation of the Autophagosomal Proteins LC3A, LC3B and LC3C
2020
Macroautophagy is a conserved degradative process for maintaining cellular homeostasis and plays a key role in aging and various human disorders. The microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B or LC3B) is commonly analyzed as a key marker for autophagosomes and as a proxy for autophagic flux. Three paralogues of the LC3 gene exist in humans: LC3A, LC3B and LC3C. The molecular function, regulation and cellular localization of LC3A and LC3C have not been investigated frequently, even if a similar function to that described for LC3B appears likely. Here, we have selectively decapacitated LC3B by three separate strategies in primary human fibroblasts and analyzed the evoked e…
Grp78 overexpression triggers pink1-ip3 r-mediated neuroprotective mitophagy
2021
An experimental model of spinal root avulsion (RA) is useful to study causal molecular programs that drive retrograde neurodegeneration after neuron-target disconnection. This neurode-generative process shares common characteristics with neuronal disease-related processes such as the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy flux blockage. We previously found that the overexpression of GRP78 promoted motoneuronal neuroprotection after RA. After that, we aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism by carrying out a comparative unbiased proteomic analysis and pharmacological and genetic interventions. Unexpectedly, mitochondrial factors turned out to be most altered when GRP78…
Other Types of Chaperonopathies
2013
A mechanism causing a chaperonopathy that is introduced in this chapter consists of the absence of a chaperone from the place where it is needed (i.e., chaperonopathies by misplacement). Also in this chapter are discussed the unfolded-protein response (UPR), chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and illustrative examples of chaperonopathies by mistake, or collaborationism. In these conditions, one or more chaperones, apparently normal in structure, perform functions that favor disease rather than the contrary, hence the name of chaperonopathy by mistake or collaborationism (a molecule that ought to protect the cell and the organism promotes pathogenesis instead). Many examples of chaperonopat…