Search results for "BAC"
showing 10 items of 10211 documents
Colonization of Plant Roots by Pseudomonads and AM Fungi: A Dynamic Phenomenon, Affecting Plant Growth and Health
2008
Because of their enormously large range of plant hosts and role in plant nutrition, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi represent an extraordinarily fascinating field of study. Plant growth promotion effects by AM fungi were described as early as 1900 (Sthal 1900) and several data obtained in the second half of the last century support the idea that these microrganisms can act as biocontrol agents (BCA). The extent of root colonization is variable in different plants and under different environmental conditions (Giovannetti and Hepper 1985). Some effects of AM colonization on plants have been reported to be dependent on the degree of root colonization, while others have not. Root exudation an…
Plant defense responses induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
2002
Plants in their environment daily face many organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasms, viruses, nematodes, etc. Many of them are potential pathogens; in fact thousands of microorganisms are known to cause plant diseases. Despite this large number of deleterious microorganisms, most of the plants are resistant to their attack since they have developed effective mechanisms to protect themselves.
Assessment of genetically modified maize 4114 for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2014‐123)
2018
Abstract Maize 4114 was developed through Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation to provide protection against certain lepidopteran and coleopteran pests by expression of the Cry1F, Cry34Ab1 and Cry35Ab1 proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, and tolerance to the herbicidal active ingredient glufosinate‐ammonium by expression of the PAT protein derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. The molecular characterisation data did not identify issues requiring assessment for food/feed safety. None of the compositional, agronomic and phenotypic differences identified between maize 4114 and the non‐genetically modified (GM) comparator(s) required further assessment. There were …
Control of Erigeron bonariensis with Thymbra capitata, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Santolina chamaecyparissus Essential Oils
2020
In the search of sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for weed control, there is increasing interest in essential oils (EOs) as an approach to reduce synthetic herbicide use. The phytotoxicity of Thymbra capitata, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Santolina chamaecyparissus EOs against the noxious weed Erigeron bonariensis were evaluated in pre- and post-emergence assays in greenhouse conditions. The EOs were applied at 2, 4, and 8 µ
The rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants
2002
Providing that appropriate carbon substrates are available, microbial communities are able to develop a range of activities which are crucial in maintaining a biological balance in soil (Bowen and Rovira 1999), a key issue for the sustainability of either natural ecosystems or agroecosystems (Kennedy and Smith 1995). Soil-borne microbes have a particular microhabitat in which to flourish. In particular, they are bound to the surface of soil particles or found in soil aggregates, while others interact specifically with the plant root system (Glick 1995). The root-soil interface is actually a dynamic changing environment, a microcosm where microorganisms, plant roots and soil constituents int…
Granulation and microbial community dynamics in the chitosan-supplemented anaerobic treatment of wastewater polluted with organic solvents.
2018
Abstract The effect of chitosan on the development of granular sludge in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASB) when treating wastewater polluted with the organic solvents ethanol, ethyl acetate, and 1-ethoxy-2-propanol was evaluated. Three UASB reactors were operated for 219 days at ambient temperature with an organic loading rate (OLR) of between 0.3 kg COD m −3 d −1 and 20 kg COD m −3 d −1 . One reactor was operated without the addition of chitosan, while the other two were operated with the addition of chitosan doses of 2.4 mg gVSS −1 two times. The three reactors were all able to treat the OLR tested with COD removal efficiencies greater than 90%. However, the time required to…
Application of hydrolases and probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici BaltBio01 strain for cereal by-products conversion to bioproduct for food/feed
2017
The aim of this study was to apply the enzymatic treatment and fermentation by Pediococcus acidilactici BaltBio01 strain for industrial cereal by-products conversion to food/feed bioproducts with high amount of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB propagated in potato media and spray-dried remained viable during 12months (7.0 log10 cfu/g) of storage and was used as a starter for cereal by-products fermentation. The changes of microbial profile, biogenic amines (BAs), mycotoxins, lactic acid (Lþ/D), lignans and alkylresorcinols (ARs) contents in fermented cereal by-product were analysed. Cereal by-products enzymatic hydrolysis before fermentation allows to obtain a higher count of LAB d…
Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum
2010
Background Recent genomic analyses of arthropod defense mechanisms suggest conservation of key elements underlying responses to pathogens, parasites and stresses. At the center of pathogen-induced immune responses are signaling pathways triggered by the recognition of fungal, bacterial and viral signatures. These pathways result in the production of response molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes, which degrade or destroy invaders. Using the recently sequenced genome of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), we conducted the first extensive annotation of the immune and stress gene repertoire of a hemipterous insect, which is phylogenetically distantly related to previously ch…
Anti-Bacterial Activity and Online HPLC-DPPH Based Antiradical Kinetics of Medicinal Plant Extracts of High Relevance for Cosmetics Production
2018
The present study provides an assessment of extracts of six medicinal plants for their applicability in cosmetic formulations aimed at anti-UV protection and anti-acne treatment. Ethanol extracts of Chelidonium majus L., Myrtus communis L., Hamamelis virginiana L., Juniperus communis L., Alchemilla vulgaris and Ilex paraguariensis are analysed for the phytochemical content, antimicrobial activity, antiradical activity and antiradical kinetics. The phytochemical composition of the plants is investigated by LC-MS analysis and the most active antioxidants in plant extracts are determined by online HPLC-DPPH assay. The kinetic parameters of the antiradical reaction are determined both for the s…
Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the dehydrogenase and quinone-reductase activity of irradiated Lactobacillus plantarum cells
2020
Abstract The resistance of lactobacilli to oxidative stress is of great importance for their applicability as probiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the response of Lactobacillus plantarum strain ATCC® 14917™, grown in either de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar (MRS medium) or tryptic soy broth (TSB medium), to 1–2 mM H2O2 after the exposure to different doses of ionising radiation. Two bacterial extracellular enzyme groups, dehydrogenases (DHAs) and quinone reductases (QRs), served as the criteria of viability and antioxidant activity, respectively. The irradiated L. plantarum culture grown in TSB showed increased QR activity at irradiation doses of 2–50 Gy, with the maximum activity at 10 G…