Search results for "BASAL"
showing 10 items of 920 documents
Volcanic CO2 tracks the incubation period of basaltic paroxysms
2021
Description
Late proterozoic island arc volcanics from Gebeit, Red Sea Hills, north-east Sudan
1994
The area of Gebeit Mine in the northern Red Sea Hills, Sudan, is built up of voluminous volcanic rocks and minor volcaniclastic and clastic sequences. According to their chemical and modal compositions the Gebeit volcanics can be devided into four groups: (a) cpx-physic basalts with clinopyroxene and plagioclase as the dominant phenocrysts and minor opaques; (b) hbl-physic basalts with hornblende, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and subordinate magnetite including one rare dacite; (c) pl-phyric andesites with plagioclase phenocrysts in a matrix that is rich in magnetite; and (d) aphyric basalts. The compositional variation within the distinct volcanic groups can only partly be explained by fract…
The Spirit Rover's Athena science investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars.
2004
The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Athena science payload have been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. Many rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption.
Unusually large magmatic CO2gas emissions prior to a basaltic paroxysm
2010
[1] The low-intensity activity of basaltic volcanoes is occasionally interrupted by short-lived but energetic explosions which, whilst frequently observed, are amongst the most enigmatic volcanic events in Nature. The combination of poorly understood and deep, challenging to measure, source processes make such events currently impossible to forecast. Here we report increases in quiescent degassing CO2 emissions (>10,000 t/day) prior to a powerful explosive event on Stromboli volcano on 15 March 2007. We interpret such large CO2 flux as being sourced by passive gas leakage from a deeply (>4 km) stored magma, whose depressurization, possibly caused by the onset of an effusive eruption on 28 F…
Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios, geochemical compositions, and40Ar/39Ar data of lavas from San Felix Island (Southeast Pacific): Implications for magma genes…
2000
We present the first trace element and age data combined with new Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios on lavas from San Felix Island in the Southeast Pacific. A 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 421 ± 18 ka implies young intraplate volcanic activity in this region relative to the ∼22 Ma old volcanism on the neighbouring Easter seamount chain (ESC). The incompatible element compositions of the San Felix magmas are similar to those of EM1-type basalts from Gough, although the isotopic compositions differ. San Felix formed some 20 Ma after the ESC plume affected the plate in this region but no chemical signature of the ESC material is observed in the young volcanic rocks. The composition of the San Felix bas…
Evidence of magmatic activity related to Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rifting from northeastern Brazil (Ceará-Mirim): K/Ar age, palaeomagneti…
1992
The Mesozoic magmatic activity in the easternmost part of NE Brazil (Ceara-Mirim) is mainly represented by two-pyroxene tholeiitic dykes; only few dykes have alkaline character. K/Ar ages and palaeomagnetism data indicate that Ceara-Mirim dykes are of Middle Jurassic (175-160 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (140-130 Ma) age. Both Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous dykes have high incompatible-element concentrations and TiO2 with the lower contents generally confined to the Middle Jurassic dykes; rare tholeiitic dykes low in TiO2 and incompatible elements are present. Sr/1bNd isotopic and other chemical data do not support appreciable crustal contamination and in a 87Sr86Sr vs. 143Nd144Nd diagram…
Pyroclastic Activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars
2007
Home Plate is a layered plateau in Gusev crater on Mars. It is composed of clastic rocks of moderately altered alkali basalt composition, enriched in some highly volatile elements. A coarsegrained lower unit lies under a finer-grained upper unit. Textural observations indicate that the lower strata were emplaced in an explosive event, and geochemical considerations favor an explosive volcanic origin over an impact origin. The lower unit likely represents accumulation of pyroclastic materials, whereas the upper unit may represent eolian reworking of the same pyroclastic materials.
Composition and provenance analysis of beach sands in an almost isolated sedimentary system – A field study of the Galápagos Archipelago
2021
The Galapagos Archipelago is the surface expression of an active hotspot or long-lived mantle plume. The Archipelago consists of a group of 13 main islands which are located in the eastern central Pacific Ocean about 1,000 km west of the northern edge of the South American continent, east of the East Pacific Rise and south of the Galapagos spreading center. Because of the large distance to the nearest continental land mass, Galapagos can be seen as an almost isolated sedimentary system. A provenance study conducted on samples collected from seventeen beaches on eleven islands, demonstrates that mineral grains and particles were derived from weathering of predominantly basaltic rocks and wer…
Petrology and geochemistry of submarine volcanism in the Sicily Channel Rift
2006
Submarine magmatism in the Sicily Channel Rift began in the early Pliocene and lasted until almost 200 yr ago. We present here petrological and geochemical data on volcanic rocks dredged from Graham and Nameless banks and Pantelleria seamounts in the Pelagian sector of the Sicily Channel Rift. Petrological evidence suggests that the ascent of magmas to the surface was relatively rapid, probably through channels superimposed over the major tectonic discontinuities of the Rift. Major and trace element data indicate an ocean island basalt affinity for Graham and Nameless bank alkaline lavas and a depleted tholeiitic signature for one Pantelleria seamount, which had a shallower mantle source. S…
Halogens in Mafic and Intermediate-Silica Content Magmas
2018
As volatile and variably mobile components, halogens play key roles in magmatic, metasomatic, mineralizing, and volcanic processes by influencing the physical and chemical properties of melts, fluids, and minerals. Volcanic emission of halogens to the atmosphere leads to long- and short-term impacts on atmospheric chemistry that range from global perturbation of the stratospheric O3 budget to more localized life-threatening contamination of soils and fresh water. The concentrations of F, Cl, Br, and I in melts, fluids, and minerals provide crucial geochemical information and insights into magmatic processes ranging from partial melting to volcanic eruptions. Halogen research is useful for e…