Search results for "BIOFILM"
showing 10 items of 394 documents
Food Processing and Foodborne Illness
2015
Food processing means manipulation of raw materials from plants or animals into food. Since agriculture and animal husbandry were established postharvest procedures were necessary to preserve for a longer time the increasing food supplies coming from the fields and domesticated animals. Food is one of the best culture medium for a lot of microorganisms and preventing food spoilage caused by enzymes and microorganisms is crucial. Deterioration of food is caused mainly by three natural processes: 1. Oxidation – vegetables after harvesting or meat after animal slaughtering get in contact with the oxygen in the air that makes them rancid and unpleasant. 2. Enzyme action – all food contains natu…
Phytochemical-rich extracts of Helianthemum lippii possess antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-biofilm activities
2022
Helianthemum lippii is a perennial shrubby plant growing in the sandy environments of Italy, Mediterranean countries of North Africa and Middle East. H. lippii is used in traditional medicine but there are very few reports referring to the phytochemical characterization, the ethnopharmacology, and the biological activity of H. lippii. The goal of this study was todetermine the phytochemical composition of different H. lippii extracts, cold (CME) and hot (HME) methanol, cold (CPEE) and hot (HPEE) petroleum ether, as well as to evaluate their anticancer and antimicrobial activities and biofilm formation reduction. Fifty-fours phytocompounds have been determined by HPLC-UV-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis…
Healthcare associated infection: novel strategies and antimicrobial implants to prevent surgical site infection
2010
This report is based on a Hygienist Panel Meeting held at St Anne's Manor, Wokingham on 24–25 June 2009. The panel agreed that greater use should be made of antiseptics to reduce reliance on antibiotics with their associated risk of antibiotic resistance. When choosing an antiseptic for clinical use, the Biocompatibility Index, which considers both the microbiocidal activity and any cytotoxic effects of an antiseptic agent, was considered to be a useful tool. The need for longer and more proactive post-discharge surveillance of surgical patients was also agreed to be a priority, especially given the current growth of day-case surgery. The introduction of surgical safety checklists, such as…
Co-production of Hydrogen and Methane From the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste in a Pilot Scale Dark Fermenter and Methanogenic Biofilm Rea…
2018
The co-production of biohydrogen and methane from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste was investigated using a two-stage AD system, composed of a pilot scale dark fermenter (DF) and a continuous methanogenic biofilm reactor. From the DF process, a biohydrogen yield of 41.7 (± 2.3) ml H2/gVSadded was achieved. The liquid DF effluent (DFE) was rich in short chain volatile fatty acids, i.e., mainly acetic and butyric acid. The DFE was valorized by producing methane in the methanogenic biofilm reactor. Two methanogenic biofilm reactors were used to assess the biotic and abiotic role of the DFE on the performance of the reactors. Regardless of the different DFE feeding (i.e., biotic an…
Candida albicans adhesin Als3p is dispensable for virulence in the mouse model of disseminated candidiasis
2011
The presence of specific proteins, including Ece1p, Hwp1p and Als3p, distinguishes theCandida albicanshyphal cell wall from that of yeast-form cells. These proteins are thought to be important for the ability ofC. albicanscells to adhere to living and non-living surfaces and for the cell-to-cell adhesion necessary for biofilm formation, and also to be pivotal in mediatingC. albicansinteractions with endothelial cells. Using anin vitroflow adhesion assay, we previously observed that yeast cells bind in greater numbers to human microvascular endothelial cells than do hyphal or pseudohyphal cells. This is consistent with previous observations that, in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis…
Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e biofilms: no mushrooms but a network of knitted chains.
2008
ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a food pathogen that can attach on most of the surfaces encountered in the food industry. Biofilms are three-dimensional microbial structures that facilitate the persistence of pathogens on surfaces, their resistance toward antimicrobials, and the final contamination of processed goods. So far, little is known about the structural dynamics of L. monocytogenes biofilm formation and its regulation. The aims of this study were, by combining genetics and time-lapse laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), (i) to characterize the structural dynamics of L. monocytogenes EGD-e sessile growth in two nutritional environments (with or without a nutrient flow), and…
Attività antibatterica di peptidi estratti da celomociti di echinodermi
2010
Negli echinodermi la difesa dell’organismo dalle invasioni microbiche avviene tramite meccanismi cellulari e umorali dell’immunità innata. Una componente fondamentale dei fattori umorali è costituita dai peptidi antimicrobici (AMPs) molto conservati con un ampio spettro di attività antimicrobica contro batteri, virus e funghi. Solitamente gli AMPs sono costituiti da meno di 100 amminoacidi, sono cationici e formano strutture anfipatiche. In questo lavoro dimostriamo che i celomociti dell’Echinoideo Paracentrotus lividus e dell’Oloturoideo Holothuria tubulosa contengono sostanze con attività antimicrobica verso diversi ceppi batterici patogeni umani. In entrambe le specie, nel precipitato ac…
Impact of polyphenols and feeding rhythms on the immunomodulation properties of the probiotic bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract
2021
The human intestinal microbiota is composed of several types of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes and viruses. Among them, bacteria are the most diverse and abundant with a gene catalog 150 times larger than the genes present in the human genome, which represents a tremendous metabolic potential. These bacteria actively participate in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota could be observed at course of many human pathologies, particularly inflammatory diseases intestinal chronic diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) or Ulcerative colitis (UC). These dysbiosis could contribute to the onset and progression of…
The intraoral device of overlaid disk-holding splints as a new in situ oral biofilm model
2014
Objectives: To design a device that allows the formation of in situ oral biofilm with similar characteristics to those from the dental plaque, overcoming the limitations of previous devices. Study Design: The Intraoral Device of Overlaid Disk-holding Splints (IDODS) was designed and manufactured. To test its validity, five healthy adult volunteers wore them for two and four days allowing the biofilm to grow without any type of distortion. After each period, the thickness, vitality and structure of the formed biofilm were measured with a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) in combination with a dual fluorescence solution. All volunteers filled out a Likert-type questionnaire to evaluat…
Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms.
2009
Abstract In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and heterotrophic bacteria as indicator organisms. In addition to wastewater, biofilms were also investigated in drinking water from river bank filtrate to estimate the occurrence of resistant bacteria and their resistance genes, thus indicating possible transfer from wastewater and surface water to the drinking water distribution network. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were characterized by antibiograms, and the vanA resistance gene was detect…