Search results for "BIP"
showing 10 items of 1908 documents
Quantum chemical modelling of electron polarons and excitons in ABO3perovskites
2000
Quantum chemical calculations using the intermediate neglect of the differential overlap (INDO) method, combined with the large unit cell periodic model argue for an existence of the self-trapped electrons in KNbO3 and KTaO3 perovskite crystals. An electron in the ground state occupies predominantly t2g orbital of a Nb4+ ion. Its orbital degeneracy is lifted by a combination of the breathing and Jahn-Teller modes where four nearest equatorial O atoms are displaced outwards and two oxygens shift inwards along the z axis. Triplet exciton is shown to be in a good approximation of a pair of nearest Jahn-Teller electron and hole polarons (a bipolaron) which is very likely responsible for the `gr…
Bicausative matrices to measure structural change: Are they a good tool?
1999
The causative-matrix method to analyze temporal change assumes that a matrix transforms one Markovian transition matrix into another by a left multiplication of the first matrix; the method is demand-driven when applied to input-output economics. An extension is presented without assuming the demand-driven or supply-driven hypothesis. Starting from two flow matrices X and Y, two diagonal matrices are searched, one premultiplying and the second postmultiplying X, to obtain a result the closer as possible to Y by least squares. The paper proves that the method is deceptive because the diagonal matrices are unidentified and the interpretation of results is unclear. Keywords : Input-Output ; Ch…
Forecast Output Coincidence and Biproportion: Two Criteria to Determine the Orientation of an Economy. Comparison for France (1980-1997)
2002
International audience; The method of forecast output coincidence used to determine if sectors are demand-sided or supply-sided in an input-output framework mixes two effects, the structural effect (choosing between demand and supply side models) and the effect of an exogenous factor (final demand or added-value). The note recalls that another method is possible, the comparison of the stability of technical and allocation coefficients, generalized by the biproportional filter: if for a sector, after biproportional filtering, column coefficients are more stable than row coefficients, then this sector is declared as not supply-sided (but one cannot decide that it is demand-sided anyway), and …
The variations of technical and allocation coefficients : are they comparable really ?
1995
Two great alternative hypothesis are possible in the analysis input-output : the model may be demand-driven (Leontief) or supply-driven (Ghosh). To test the consistency of these hypotheses on the long term, this paper studies the interest of proportional filters (comparison of column or row coefficients) and the interest of the biproportional filter for the temporalcomparison of input-output matrices. An application is proposed for France between 1980 and 1993. The result is the following : in the long period, there are more sectors supply-driven than demand-driven (i.e. row coefficients are less variable than column coefficients for the majority of the sectors). (FRE) Deux grandes hypothès…
A biproportional filter to compare technical and allocation coefficient variations
1997
International audience; In input-output analysis there are two alternate possibilities between Leontief's mechanism (fixed technical coefficients) and Ghosh's mechanism (fixed allocation coefficients). Testing the long term consistency of these mechanisms entails comparing input-output matrices over time. This paper challenges the value of proportional filters (separate comparison of column and row coefficients) and introduces the biproportional filter which allows simultaneous comparison of column and rows. An application is proposed using French input-output tables for 1980 and 1993. The stability of column coefficients cannot be taken for granted and generally, for any sector, both rows …
The biproportional factorial analysis
1993
Beyond the Factorial Analysis of Correspondences, the paper presents a newmethod of data analysis: the Biproportional Factorial Analysis. In the Factorial Analysis of Correspondences, the matrix to be diagonalised is the product o f the two matrices o f profiles, row and columns: this matrix is not symmetrical. In the Biproportional Factorial Analysis, the matrix to be diagonalised is the symmetrical product o f an intermediate matrix over itself; this intermediate matrix is calculated as the biproportion o f the data matrix over normalisedmargins. This provides a full symmetry between rows and columns. After recalling the Factorial Analysis of Correspondences, the paper recall what it is b…
About the criteria of output coincidence for forecasts to determine the orientation of the economy (application for France, 1980-1997)
2000
This note indicates that the method of output coincidence for forecasts used to determine if sectors are demand-driven or supply-driven in an input-output framework mixes two effects, the structural effect (choosing between demand and supply driven models) and the effect of an exogenous factor (final demand or added-value). The note recalls that another method is possible, the comparison of the stability of technical and allocation coefficients, generalized by the biproportional filter: if for a sector, after biproportional filtering, column coefficients are more stable than row coefficients, then this sector is declared as not supply-driven (but one cannot decide that it is demand-driven a…
Long-Living Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Supramolecular π-π Interactions
2009
AbstractThe complex [Ir(ppy)2(dpbpy)][PF6] (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine, dpbpy = 6,6'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine) has been prepared and evaluated as an electroluminescent component for light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The complex exhibits two intramolecular face-to-face π-stacking interactions and long-lived LECs have been constructed; the device characteristics are not significantly improved in comparison to analogous LECs with 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine with only one π-stacking interaction.
Synthesis, structural investigations on organotin(IV) chlorin-e6 complexes, their effect on sea urchin embryonic development and induced apoptosis
2004
Four new organotin(IV) chlorin derivatives, [chlorin=chlorin-e(6)=21H,23H-porphine-2-propanoic acid, 18-carboxy-20-(carboxymethyl)-8-ethenyl-13-ethyl-2,3-di-hydro-3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-(2S-trans)-], with formula (R(2)Sn)(3)(chlorin)(2).2H(2)O (R=Me, n-Bu) and (R(3)Sn)(3)chlorin.2H(2)O (R=Me, Ph) have been synthesized. The solid state and solution phase structures have been investigated by FT-IR, (119)Sn Mössbauer, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, (R(2)Sn)(3)(chlorin)(2).2H(2)O complexes contain six coordinated Sn(IV), in a skew trapezoidal environment by forming trans-R(2)SnO(4) polymeric units. As far as (R(3)Sn)(3)chlorin.2H(2)O complexes are concerned, Sn(IV) is five …
Dual role of the p38 MAPK/cPLA2 pathway in the regulation of platelet apoptosis induced by ABT-737 and strong platelet agonists.
2013
p38 Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is involved in the apoptosis of nucleated cells. Although platelets are anucleated cells, apoptotic proteins have been shown to regulate platelet lifespan. However, the involvement of p38 MAP kinase in platelet apoptosis is not yet clearly defined. Therefore, we investigated the role of p38 MAP kinase in apoptosis induced by a mimetic of BH3-only proteins, ABT-737, and in apoptosis-like events induced by such strong platelet agonists as thrombin in combination with convulxin (Thr/Cvx), both of which result in p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and activation. A p38 inhibitor (SB202190) inhibited the apoptotic events induced by ABT-737 but did not influ…