Search results for "BLOCKADE"
showing 10 items of 164 documents
Resonant Tunneling through a Macroscopic Charge State in a Superconducting Single Electron Transistor
1997
We predict theoretically and observe in experiment that the differential conductance of a superconducting single electron transistor exhibits a peak which is a complete analog, in a macroscopic system, of a standard resonant tunneling peak associated with tunneling through a single quantum state. In particular, in a symmetric transistor, the peak height is universal and equal to ${e}^{2}/2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\Elzxh}$. Away from the resonance we clearly observe the cotunneling current which, in contrast to the normal-metal transistor, varies linearly with the bias voltage.
RELEASE BY SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION OF ALPHA-METHYLNORADRENALINE STORED IN THE HEART AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF ALPHA-METHYLDOPA.
1963
Dans les cœurs de lapins traites par l'α-methyldopa, la depletion de la noradrenaline s'accompagne d'une fixation importante d'α-methylnoradrenaline. Sous l'effet de stimulation sympathique ou d'iodure de dimethylphenyl-piperazinium, ces cœurs liberent conjointement de la noradrenaline et de l'α-methylnoradrenaline.
New therapies for sepsis: focus on the interleukin (IL)12 family member IL27
2007
Sepsis is a severe complication of abdominal infections such as peritonitis and is associated with high mortality. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of sepsis are still incompletely understood. Interestingly, the interleukin (IL) 12 family member IL27 seems to play a key role in sepsis. In a murine model of septic peritonitis induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP), IL27 levels were found to be strongly induced. Furthermore, mice deficient for the EBI3 subunit of IL27 were resistant to CLP-induced septic peritonitis as compared to wild-type controls. This effect could be suppressed by injection of recombinant IL27. Further studies demonstrated that IL…
Direct measurements of electron thermalization in Coulomb blockade nanothermometers at millikelvin temperatures
1998
Abstract We investigate electron thermalization of tunnel junction arrays installed in a powerful dilution refrigerator whose mixing chamber can produce lattice temperatures down to 3 mK. The on-chip Coulomb blockade thermometers (CBT) against other thermometers at the mixing chamber provide direct information on the thermal equilibrium between the electronic system and the refrigerator. We can detect and discriminate between the heat load delivered through the wiring and that produced by the bias current of the CBT-measurement. The basic heat leak limits the minimum of the electronic temperature to slightly below 20 mK.
Coulomb blockade thermometry
1996
One dimensional arrays of normal metal tunnel junctions have been found to exhibit properties which are very suitable for primary and secondary thermometry in a lithographically adjustable temperature range which extends over about two decades. The thermometer is remarkably insensitive to nonuniformities in the actual pattern and to even strong magnetic fields. We also discuss the behaviour of this device at very low temperatures where the hot electron effect due to poor electron phonon coupling ultimately takes over and at very high temperatures where the finite tunnel barrier effects appear. Short arrays, and especially single tunnel junctions show interesting deviations from the universa…
VEGF-targeted therapy stably modulates the glycolytic phenotype of tumor cells
2014
Abstract Anti-VEGF therapy perturbs tumor metabolism, severely impairing oxygen, glucose, and ATP levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of anti-VEGF therapy in multiple experimental tumor models that differ in their glycolytic phenotypes to gain insights into optimal modulation of the metabolic features of this therapy. Prolonged treatments induced vascular regression and necrosis in tumor xenograft models, with highly glycolytic tumors becoming treatment resistant more rapidly than poorly glycolytic tumors. By PET imaging, prolonged treatments yielded an increase in both hypoxic and proliferative regions of tumors. A selection for highly glycolytic cells was noted and this met…
IV-Curves of tunnel junction arrays at lowered temperature by numerical simulation
1996
We have numerically investigated the effect of lowered T on the performance of the Coulomb blockade thermometer, which has been demostrated to yield primary thermometry in the high T limit where thermal excitations compete with the Coulomb blockade. The thermometer is formed by an array of tunnel junctions whose differentiated IV—curve is used to determine the temperature. The IV—curves were calculated by computer simulations and we have obtained corrections to the analytic high T behaviour due to the lowered temperature.
Nanodevices by DNA based gold nanostructures
2017
In this thesis DNA based structures were utilized to create gold nanostructures for nanosensing and nanoelectronic applications. In the past, both of these fields have been dominated by the conventional lithography methods, e.g., electron beam lithography and UV-lithography, but more recently scaling down the components by these techniques has become increasingly more complex and costly. Especially in the micro- and nanoelectronics, the increase in the component density and thus computational power would require fabrication of sub-10-nm components, which is challenging for the top-down approaches. Aforementioned developments have led researchers to seek alternative methods to fabricate these…
Responsiveness to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade in SB28 and GL261 mouse glioma models.
2018
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is currently evaluated in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), based on encouraging clinical data in other cancers, and results from studies with the methylcholanthrene-induced GL261 mouse glioma. In this paper, we describe a novel model faithfully recapitulating some key human GBM characteristics, including low mutational load, a factor reported as a prognostic indicator of ICB response. Consistent with this observation, SB28 is completely resistant to ICB, contrasting with treatment sensitivity of the more highly mutated GL261. Moreover, SB28 shows features of a poorly immunogenic tumor, with low MHC-I expression and modest CD8(+) T-cell infiltration, suggest…
Anti-endothelin drugs in solid tumors
2010
Importance of the field: The endothelin (ET) axis, which includes the biological functions of ETs and their receptors, has played a physiological role in normal tissue, acting as a modulator of vasomotor tone, tissue differentiation and development, cell proliferation and hormone production. Interestingly, it also functions in the growth and progression of various tumors. Several researchers have identified the blockade of the ET-1 receptor as a promising therapeutic approach. Areas covered in this review: The clinical investigation of an orally bioavailable ET antagonist, atrasentan, in prostate cancer, is encouraging. In this neoplasia, it has shown antitumor activity, bone metastasis con…