Search results for "BST"

showing 10 items of 10311 documents

The transition state and cognate concepts

2019

Abstract This review aims firstly to clarify the meanings of key terms and concepts associated with the idea of the transition state, as developed by theoreticians and applied by experimentalist, and secondly to provide an update to the meaning and significance of the transition state in an era when computational simulation, in which complexity is being increasingly incorporated, is commonly employed as a means by which to bridge the realms of theory and experiment. The relationship between the transition state and the potential-energy surface for an elementary reaction is explored, with discussion of the following terms: saddle point, minimum-energy reaction path, reaction coordinate, acti…

/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1600/1606Structure (mathematical logic)Potential-energy surface/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1600/1605Computer scienceActivated complexOrganic ChemistryReaction coordinateTransition stateDividing surfaceEquicommittorState (functional analysis)Reaction coordinateFree-energy surfaceSimple (abstract algebra)Saddle pointElementary reactionPotential energy surfaceComputational simulationStatistical physicsPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry
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Statistics-preserving bijections between classical and cyclic permutations

2012

Recently, Elizalde (2011) [2] has presented a bijection between the set C"n"+"1 of cyclic permutations on {1,2,...,n+1} and the set of permutations on {1,2,...,n} that preserves the descent set of the first n entries and the set of weak excedances. In this paper, we construct a bijection from C"n"+"1 to S"n that preserves the weak excedance set and that transfers quasi-fixed points into fixed points and left-to-right maxima into themselves. This induces a bijection from the set D"n of derangements to the set C"n"+"1^q of cycles without quasi-fixed points that preserves the weak excedance set. Moreover, we exhibit a kind of discrete continuity between C"n"+"1 and S"n that preserves at each s…

0102 computer and information sciencesFixed point[ MATH.MATH-CO ] Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO]01 natural sciencesCombinatorial problemsTheoretical Computer ScienceCyclic permutationSet (abstract data type)CombinatoricsBijections[MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO]0101 mathematicsComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSMathematicsDescent (mathematics)Discrete mathematicsStatistics on permutationsMathematics::Combinatorics010102 general mathematicsDescentComputer Science ApplicationsDerangement010201 computation theory & mathematicsExcedenceSignal ProcessingBijectionBijection injection and surjectionMaximaInformation Systems
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Insights into Intrinsic Defects and the Incorporation of Na and K in the Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin-Film Solar Cell Material from Hybrid-Functional Calculations

2016

We have performed density functional theory calculations using the HSE06 hybrid functional to investigate the energetics, atomic, and electronic structure of intrinsic defects as well as Na and K impurities in the kesterite structure of the Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) solar cell material. We found that both Na and K atoms prefer to be incorporated into this material as substitutional defects in the Cu sublattice. At this site highly stable (Na–Na), (K–K), and (Na–K) dumbbells can form. While Na interstitial defects are stable in CZTSe, the formation of K interstitial defects is unlikely. In general, the calculated formation energies for Na-related defects are always lower compared to their K-related…

010302 applied physicsChemical substanceChemistryNanotechnology02 engineering and technologyElectronic structureengineering.material021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialslaw.inventionHybrid functionalGeneral EnergyImpuritylawChemical physics0103 physical sciencesSolar cellengineeringDensity functional theoryKesteritePhysical and Theoretical Chemistry0210 nano-technologyScience technology and societyThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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Dynamic Consensus: Increasing Blockchain Adaptability to Enterprise Applications

2020

Decentralization powered by blockchain is validated for its capability to build trust like no other computational system before. The evolution of blockchain models has opened new use-cases that are becoming operational in many industry fields such as: energy, healthcare, banking, cross-border trade, aerospace, supply chain, and others. The core component of a decentralized architecture is the consensus algorithm - the set of rules that ensures an automated and fair agreement between the actors in the same network. Classic consensus algorithms are tailored to solve specific problems, but in an open ecosystem, each business case is unique and needs a certain level of customization. This paper…

010302 applied physicsComputer sciencebusiness.industrymedia_common.quotation_subjectSupply chainDistributed computing02 engineering and technology021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesDecentralised systemAdaptabilityPersonalizationSet (abstract data type)0103 physical sciencesBusiness caseArchitecture0210 nano-technologyAerospacebusinessmedia_common
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Amorphous ultra-wide bandgap ZnOx thin films deposited at cryogenic temperatures

2020

Crystalline wurtzite zinc oxide (w-ZnO) can be used as a wide band gap semiconductor for light emitting devices and for transparent or high temperature electronics. The use of amorphous zinc oxide (a-ZnO) can be an advantage in these applications. In this paper we report on X-ray amorphous a-ZnOx thin films (~500 nm) deposited at cryogenic temperatures by reactive magnetron sputtering. The substrates were cooled by a nitrogen flow through the copper substrate holder during the deposition. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, infrared, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopies, and ellipsometry. The a-ZnOx films on glass and Ti substrates were obtained at the substrate holder temp…

010302 applied physicsCondensed Matter - Materials ScienceMaterials sciencebusiness.industryBand gapGeneral Physics and AstronomyMaterials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)FOS: Physical sciences02 engineering and technologySubstrate (electronics)021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesAmorphous solidsymbols.namesakeSputteringEllipsometry0103 physical sciencessymbolsOptoelectronicsFourier transform infrared spectroscopyThin film0210 nano-technologybusinessRaman spectroscopy
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Thermal- and photo-induced spin crossover in the 1D coordination polymer [Fe(4-tBupy)3][Au(CN)2]2 (4-tBupy = 4-tert-butylpyridine)

2021

Reaction of the unidentate pyridine ligand containing a bulky t-butyl substituent with Fe2+ and [Au(CN)2]− affords a new type of spin crossover (SCO) coordination polymer in the 1D compound [Fe(4-tBupy)3][Au(CN)2]2⋅0.5H2O (1), which is formed by chains of Fe(II) complexes linked through bridging [Au(CN)2]− with three terminal 4-tBupy and one monodentate [Au(CN)2]− ligands completing the octahedral coordination around Fe(II). Longer reaction times led to the minor products [Fe(4-tBupy)2][Au(CN)2]2 (2), which presents a 2D structure more similar to that found in the other SCO compounds based on [Au(CN)2]−, and the 1D compound [Fe(4-tBupy)2(MeOH)][Au(CN)2]2 (3), in which one of the three termi…

010302 applied physicsDenticityCoordination polymerSpin transitionSubstituentGeneral Physics and Astronomy02 engineering and technology021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences3. Good healthchemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographyOctahedronchemistrySpin crossoverExcited state0103 physical sciencesMoleculeFísica de l'estat sòlidCompostos de coordinació0210 nano-technologyMaterials
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Formation of dislocations and hardening of LiF under high-dose irradiation with 5–21 MeV 12C ions

2017

R. Zabels, I. Manika, J. Maniks, and R.Grants acknowledge the national project IMIS2, and A. Dauletbekova, M. Baizhumanov, and M. Zdorovets the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the financial support.

010302 applied physicsEnergy lossMaterials sciencePhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsAtomic force microscopyAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaPhysics::Medical Physicsmacromolecular substances02 engineering and technologyGeneral ChemistryNanoindentation021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesMolecular physicsIsotropic etchingElastic collisionIonPhysics::Plasma Physics0103 physical sciences:NATURAL SCIENCES:Physics [Research Subject Categories]Hardening (metallurgy)General Materials ScienceIrradiationAtomic physics0210 nano-technologyApplied Physics A
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Enabling partially reconfigurable IP cores parameterisation and integration using MARTE and IP-XACT

2012

International audience; This paper presents a framework which facilitates the parameterization and integration of IP cores into partially reconfigurable SoC platforms, departing from a high-level of abstraction. The approach is based in a Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) methodology, which exploits two widely used standards for Systems-on-Chip specification, MARTE and IP-XACT. The presented work deals with the deployment level of the MDE approach, in which the abstract components of the platform are first linked to the lower level IP-XACT counterparts. At this phase, information for parameterization and integration is readily available, and a synthesizable model can be obtained from the gener…

010302 applied physicsEngineeringExploitbusiness.industryEmphasis (telecommunications)02 engineering and technology01 natural sciences020202 computer hardware & architecture[INFO.INFO-ES] Computer Science [cs]/Embedded SystemsSoftware deploymentEmbedded systemIP-XACT0103 physical sciences0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringSystem on a chip[INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems[ INFO.INFO-ES ] Computer Science [cs]/Embedded SystemsbusinessField-programmable gate arrayAbstraction (linguistics)
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Atomic Layer Deposition and Properties of Lanthanum Oxide and Lanthanum-Aluminum Oxide Films

2006

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of lanthanum oxide on glass and silicon substrates was examined using lanthanum silylamide, La[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 , and water as precursors in the substrate temperature range of 150-250 °C. The effect of pulse times and precursor evaporation temperature on the growth rate and refractive index was investigated. The films remained amorphous regardless of the deposition conditions. The resulting La 2 O 3 films contained noticeable amounts of hydrogen and silicon and were chemically unstable while stored in ambient air. Lanthanum aluminum oxide films were achieved with stoichiometry close to that of LaAlO 3 at 225°C from La[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 , Al(CH 3 ) 3 , and H 2 O.…

010302 applied physicsLanthanideSiliconProcess Chemistry and TechnologyInorganic chemistrychemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technologySurfaces and InterfacesGeneral ChemistrySubstrate (electronics)021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesEvaporation (deposition)Amorphous solidAtomic layer depositionchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryLanthanum oxide0103 physical sciencesLanthanum0210 nano-technologyChemical Vapor Deposition
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Cold gas dynamic spray additive manufacturing today: Deposit possibilities, technological solutions and viable applications

2017

This paper reports the current potentials of cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS). CGDS has been significantly developed to produce several functional solutions categorized as follows: deposits with a single powder nature, composites-based deposits, nanotechnological deposits and hybrid coating/substrate assemblies. CGDS process has improved in proficiency and is still gaining attention from scientists and industry. Covering a wide range of materials, both standard and advanced, this additive manufacturing process offers substantial applications for surface functionalization, structural or dimensional restoration, bulk production providing specific material properties, and art/decoration. Progr…

010302 applied physicsMaterials processingManufacturing processbusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringNanotechnology02 engineering and technologySubstrate (printing)Advanced materialsengineering.material021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesCoatingMechanics of Materials0103 physical sciencesengineeringlcsh:TA401-492General Materials Sciencelcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials0210 nano-technologyThermal sprayingbusinessPolyvinylsMaterials & Design
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