Search results for "BUP"
showing 10 items of 168 documents
Cognitive effects of labeled addictolytic medications
2017
Abstract Introduction Alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug usage is pervasive throughout the world, and abuse of these substances is a major contributor to the global disease burden. Many pharmacotherapies have been developed over the last 50 years to target addictive disorders. While the efficacy of these pharmacotherapies is largely recognized, their cognitive impact is less known. However, all substance abuse disorders are known to promote cognitive disorders like executive dysfunction and memory impairment. These impairments are critical for the maintenance of addictive behaviors and impede cognitive behavioral therapies that are regularly administered in association with pharmacotherapie…
The acute myotoxic effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine after continuous peripheral nerve blockades.
2003
Bupivacaine causes muscle damage. However, the myotoxic potency of ropivacaine is still unexplored. Therefore, we performed this study to compare the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on skeletal muscle tissue in equipotent concentrations. Femoral nerve catheters were inserted into anesthetized minipigs, and 20 mL of either bupivacaine (5 mg/mL) or ropivacaine (7.5 mg/mL) was injected. Subsequently, bupivacaine (2.5 mg/mL) and ropivacaine (3.75 mg/mL) were continuously infused over 6 h. Control animals were treated with corresponding volumes of normal saline. Finally, muscle samples were dissected at injection sites. After processing and staining, histological patterns of muscle damage…
Treatments for Opioid Dependence and Methadone
2016
Abstract This chapter is focused on opioid dependence treatment and is framed in a holistic perspective. Specifically, there are three main approaches to pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence: opioid detoxification, agonist maintenance, and antagonist maintenance. There is a great amount of evidence supporting the efficacy of methadone and buprenorphine or the combination of buprenorphine–naloxone for the treatment of opioid withdrawal and their clinical utility as pharmacotherapy in long-term maintenance programs. Secondary or adjunctive medications such as heroin, naltrexone, and alpha-2-adrenergics are also reviewed. The need for further research and to overcome nonscientificall…
Drug safety related to agents used for opioid maintenance therapy
2017
IntroductionThere is only little data regarding drug safety related to agents used for opioid maintenance therapy (OMT).Objectives/aimsTo study drug safety and the reporting behaviour of adverse drug reactions (ADR) related to OMT.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based telephone survey among physicians providing outpatient OMT in a federal state of Germany (n = 176; response rate = 55.7%) was conducted.ResultsMost of the respondents (n = 97/55.1%) reported that they observe ADR related to buprenorphine, [dihydro]codein and [levo]methdone rarely (n = 38/21.6%), very rarely (n = 39/22.2%) or never (n = 20/11.4%). Methadone was reported to be most frequently associated with the occurrenc…
ESRA19-0239 Surgical treatment of femoral and knee injuries under peripheral regional anaesthesia: a case series
2019
Background and aims Neuroaxial anaesthesia is gold standard for lower extremity surgeries. Nowadays the introduction of ultrasound guided peripheral nerves blocks (PBN) changed the approach to orthopaedic surgery. Methods This case series evaluates postoperative pain in 17 patients with femoral or knee fractures who received PNB because of contraindications to subarachnoid anaesthesia (eg. anticoagulation therapies, refusal). We performed femoral nerve block (levobupivacaine 0,5% 15 ml), obturators nerve block (levobupivacaine 0,5% 7 ml), lateral cutaneous nerve block (levobupivacaine 0.5% 3 ml) and sciatic nerve block (levobupivacaine 0,5% 20 ml) focusing on a lateral approach according to…
ESRA19-0275 The efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) in patient undergoing thyroid surgery: a case report
2019
Background and aims The SCPB provides effective anesthesia and analgesia for the head and neck region. CPBs can be performed more safely and accurately under ultrasound guidance, which is used to easily identify various important landmarks. This case report was carried out to assess the efficacy of SCPB in reducing the intra and postoperative use of opioids/analgesics to control pain due to thyroidectomy. Methods Case report: 45-year-old woman, ASA II, underwent left hemithyroidectomy under general anesthesia (sevoflorane 2% and remifentanil TCI 0.7–1 ng/ml). Ultrasound-guided left superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) was performed using levobupivacaine 10 ml 0.25%. Pain score was measu…
Interventional treatment for neuropathic pain due to combined cervical radiculopathy and carpal tunnel syndrome: a case report
2017
Key Clinical Message The coexistence of median and cervical nerve root damage might hide a complex pathophysiology. Here, we describe and discuss the case of a patient suffering from numbness and painful tingling of the hand, whose symptoms were effectively treated with pulsed radiofrequency and epidural administration of bupivacaine and morphine.
Pharmacological treatments for opiate and alcohol addiction: A historical perspective of the last 50 years.
2018
Addiction pharmacotherapy aims to prevent drug abstinence symptoms, reduce drug craving and relapse, and normalize physiologic functions disrupted by chronic use of the drug. During the last 50 years, there has been an enormous revolution in pharmacotherapy for drug addiction. From abstinence as practically the only treatment option available, there are now multiple drugs on the market that have proved their efficacy in treating opiate and alcohol disorders. The present review will focus on the pharmacological treatments of the drugs whose consumption most affects individuals and society: alcohol and opiates. We will review the drugs most widely prescribed to prevent relapse and maintain ab…
Therapies in early development for the treatment of opiate addiction.
2015
Opiate drugs are psychoactive substances used to manage severe pain. However, their chronic use is associated with the development of addiction. Opiate addiction represents a significant public health concern.This review focuses on the most recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of opiate addiction, from those being tested in clinical trials (Phase I and II), to preclinical studies that point to new targets. Readers will gain knowledge of the wide variety of treatments used to treat opiate addiction, including their strengths and weaknesses, and the promising pharmacological targets identified by preclinical research.Among the currently available agonist therapies, new dosage form…
Stability of a Parenteral Formulation of Betamethasone and Levobupivacaine
2014
Background: The therapeutic management of syndromes presenting simultaneously pain and inflammation often requires the administration of anesthetic and corticosteroid drugs by epidural administration. In this article, we studied a mixture that combines betamethasone and levobupivacaine, which demonstrates prolonged analgesic effects. To our knowledge, the stability of such a mixture in epidural solution has not been examined. Objective: To evaluate the chemical, physical, and microbiological stability of an extemporaneously prepared mixture. Methods: A solution of betamethasone acetate 1 mg/mL, betamethasone phosphate 1 mg/mL, and levobupivacaine hydrochloride 0.83 mg/mL was prepared in sa…