Search results for "Bacteria"
showing 10 items of 4919 documents
Draft genomes of Nautella italica strains CECT 7645(T) and CECT 7321: Two roseobacters with potential pathogenic and biotechnological traits.
2015
Nautella italica is a member of the family Rhodobacteraceae described in 2009. Strain LMG 24365(T) (=CECT 7645(T), =DSM 26436(T), =CCUG 55857(T)) was isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm growing in a stainless steel cathode exposed to natural water in Genoa, Italy. Strain AD 41 (=CECT 7321) was isolated from water surrounding cultivated gilthead seabream larvae in Cadiz, Spain. The genomes of strains CECT 7645(T) and CECT 7321 were sequenced, assembled, annotated and compared. Here we describe the most relevant findings: biofilm formation, quorum sensing, resistance to multiple drugs, heavy metals and oxidative stress, cytotoxins, and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production genes. T…
Lactic Acid Bacteria
2008
A typical lactic acid bacterium grown under standard conditions is aerotolerant, acid tolerant, organotrophic, and a strictly fermentative rod or coccus, producing lactic acid as a major end product. It lacks cytochromes and is unable to synthesize porphyrins. Its features can vary under certain conditions. Catalase and cytochromes may be formed in the presence of hemes and lactic acid can be further metabolized, resulting in lower lactic acid concentrations. Cell division occurs in one plane, except pediococci. The cells are usually nonmotile. They have a requirement for complex growth factors such as vitamins and amino acids. An unequivocal definition of LAB is not possible (Axelsson, Lac…
Acetobacter musti sp. nov., isolated from Bobal grape must
2016
An acetic acid bacterium (strain Bo7T), obtained during a study of the microbial diversity of spontaneous fermentations of Bobal grape must, was subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences allocated strain Bo7T to the genus Acetobacter, and revealed Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter oeni to be nearest neighbours (99.57 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain Bo7T and A. oeni CECT 5830T, and 98.76 % between strain Bo7T and A. aceti CECT 298T). Cells of strain Bo7T are Gram-negative, motile rods, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The DNA G+C content of strain Bo7T was 58.0 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridizations demo…
Antimicrobial peptide–metal ion interactions – a potential way of activity enhancement
2018
Increasing bacterial and fungal drug resistance requires novel, effective antimicrobial treatments to be actively sought. Because of a general lack of resistance towards antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), they are being relied on as a novel class of therapeutics aiming to conquer drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. There are numerous ways in which AMPs might interact with pathogens, such as membrane disruption, production of ROS, inhibition of cell wall, nucleic acid and protein synthesis or by the withdrawal of essential metal ions. Biologically indispensable metal ions have a dual effect on the activity of antimicrobial peptides: (i) AMPs bind them, so that microbes cannot get enough metals es…
High-Throughput Mapping of 2′-O-Me Residues in RNA Using Next-Generation Sequencing (Illumina RiboMethSeq Protocol)
2017
Detection of RNA modifications in native RNAs is a tedious and laborious task, since the global level of these residues is low and most of the suitable physico-chemical methods require purification of the RNA of interest almost to homogeneity. To overcome these limitations, methods based on RT-driven primer extension have been developed and successfully used, sometimes in combination with a specific chemical treatment. Nowadays, some of these approaches have been coupled to high-throughput sequencing technologies, allowing the access to transcriptome-wide data. RNA 2'-O-methylation is one of the ubiquitous nucleotide modifications found in many RNA types from bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.…
Bacterial Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vip) from Entomopathogenic Bacteria
2016
SUMMARY Entomopathogenic bacteria produce insecticidal proteins that accumulate in inclusion bodies or parasporal crystals (such as the Cry and Cyt proteins) as well as insecticidal proteins that are secreted into the culture medium. Among the latter are the Vip proteins, which are divided into four families according to their amino acid identity. The Vip1 and Vip2 proteins act as binary toxins and are toxic to some members of the Coleoptera and Hemiptera. The Vip1 component is thought to bind to receptors in the membrane of the insect midgut, and the Vip2 component enters the cell, where it displays its ADP-ribosyltransferase activity against actin, preventing microfilament formation. Vip3…
Preliminary evidence of the horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between Crioceris leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and their Asparagus host …
2017
Intracellular bacteria of the genus Wolbachia (alpha-Proteobacteria) are the most widespread endosymbionts of insects. Host infection is usually associated with alterations in reproduction, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, the induction of parthenogenesis and offspring sex ratio bias: all phenomena that may influence host speciation. In the present study, by using well-established molecular tools, we investigated the presence of Wolbachia in leaf beetles of the genus Crioceris and their host plants, which are various species of Asparagus. Multilocus sequence typing of bacterial genes showed that despite their occurrence in the same habitat and feeding on the same plant, two species of C…
Methylophaga and Hyphomicrobium can be used as target genera in monitoring saline water methanol-utilizing denitrification.
2016
Abstract Which bacterial taxonomic groups can be used in monitoring saline water methanol-utilizing denitrification and whether nitrate is transformed into N2 in the process are unclear. Therefore, methylotrophic bacterial communities of two efficiently functioning (nitrate/nitrite reduction was 63–96 %) tropical and cool seawater reactors at a public aquarium were investigated with clone library analysis and 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Transformation of nitrate into N2 was confirmed using 15N labeling in incubation of carrier material from the tropical reactor. Combining the data with previous study results, Methylophaga and Hyphomicrobium were determined to be suitable targe…
Quercetin-Based Nanocomposites as a Tool to Improve Dental Disease Management
2020
The restoration and prosthetic rehabilitation of missing teeth are commonly performed using dental implants, which are extremely effective and long-lasting techniques due to their osteointegration ability with the preimplant tissues. Quercetin is a phytoestrogen-like flavonoid well known for its several positive effects on human health, mostly linked to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, many studies in dentistry and the maxillofacial fields have highlighted the positive effects of quercetin on osteogenesis, acting on osteoblast activity and angiogenetic process, and promoting soft and hard tissue…
Identification and structural characterization of LytU, a unique peptidoglycan endopeptidase from the lysostaphin family
2017
AbstractWe introduce LytU, a short member of the lysostaphin family of zinc-dependent pentaglycine endopeptidases. It is a potential antimicrobial agent for S. aureus infections and its gene transcription is highly upregulated upon antibiotic treatments along with other genes involved in cell wall synthesis. We found this enzyme to be responsible for the opening of the cell wall peptidoglycan layer during cell divisions in S. aureus. LytU is anchored in the plasma membrane with the active part residing in the periplasmic space. It has a unique Ile/Lys insertion at position 151 that resides in the catalytic site-neighbouring loop and is vital for the enzymatic activity but not affecting the …