Search results for "Bain"

Microstructural Characterization of Thermo-Mechanical Treated TRIP Steels

2007

The increasing demand for the reduction of automobiles CO2 emissions for environmental preservation leads the automotive industries towards the mechanical components weight reduction. Sheet steels with multiphase microstructures exhibit favourable combinations of strength and ductility. The so called TRIP steels have a metastable microstructure that consists of a continuous ferrite matrix containing a dispersion of hard second phases martensite and bainite. These steels also contain retained austenite, at room temperature, that represents the source of the TRansformation Induced Plasticity effect. When the material is subjected to deformation step, the retained austenite transforms itself i…

ANN Model to predict the bake hardenability of Transformation-Induced Plasticity steels

2009

Neural networks are useful tools for optimizing material properties, considering the material’s microstructure and therefore the thermal treatments it has undergone. In this research an artificial neural network (ANN) with a Bayesian framework able to predict the bake hardening and the mechanical properties of the Transformation-Induced-Plasticity (TRIP) steels was designed. The forecast ability of the ANN model is achieved taking into account the operating parameters involved in the Intercritical Annealing (IA), in the Isothermal Bainite Treatment (IBT) and also considering the different prestrain values and the volume fraction of the retained austenite before the Bake Hardening (BH) treat…

Peut-on discuter de la frontière franco-allemande avec un ordinateur ?

2019

Le rôle de la frontière intra-européenne a fortement évolué au cours du temps, notamment à travers la création de l’espace Schengen (1990) ou encore de la signature de différents traités (Maastricht 1992, etc.). Auparavant appréhendée comme une barrière empêchant et/ou contrôlant les passages, elle est devenue une zone d’intégration, un espace entre deux pays dont la culture, la langue, voire la règlementation sont différentes, mais qui tend vers la volonté d’estomper ces limites (développement de réseaux favorisant les mobilités, l’uniformisation du système monétaire, etc.). Malgré la disparition des contrôles aux frontières et une plus grande mobilité des populations, des différentiels su…

Peindre à Auxerre aux IXe-XIVe siècles. 10 ans de recherche à l'abbaye Saint-Germain d'Auxerre et à la cathédrale Saint-étienne d'Auxerre

1999

International audience

Coordinate mutation and transformation of mouse fibroblasts: induction by nitroquinoline oxide and modulation by caffeine

1981

Mutation and malignant transformation were followed in the same cells. Mouse fibroblasts (C3H 10T 1/2) were mutated and transformed by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide with similar, approximately linear dose-responses. The presence of caffeine immediately after exposure to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide potently inhibited mutation and transformation at high but not at low doses of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Whilst the coordinate induction of mutation and transformation could be explained by both a common target (DNA) or a common reactive species hitting several targets, the identical modulation by a DNA repair inhibitor of both end points suggests fundamental similarities in the nature of the lesions lead…

L'agriculture urbaine : une agriculture juridiquement comme les autres?

2019

International audience; En plein essor, l'agriculture urbaine se présente comme un défi pour le droit agricole, construit sur un paradigme géographique et sociologique : la ruralité. Dès lors, comment saisir juridiquement ces nouveaux projets productifs, aux formes variées et aux modèles économiques souvent hybrides ? Est-ce aux acteurs urbains de s'adapter à des règles venues d'ailleurs, ou au droit de se tordre pour accompagner le mouvement d'une agriculture des villes, qui questionne celle des champs ?

Inégalités territoriales dans l'accès à l'alternance : le cas des jeunes des QPV

2023

Apport d'un formalisme psychologique à la modélisation des préférences individuelles. Application aux choix d'itinéraires pédestres

2007

With the increasing need for a sustainable mobility, pedestrian movement analysis lately increased. In an attempt to get a more detailed knowledge of urban pedestrian movement, we intend to model the pedestrian's route choices. Our first approach is based on simple economic models, the discrete choice models. A psychological theory is added in the process in order to improve the pedestrian behaviour simulation. Results show that psychological formalisms are useful for individual choices' modelling. For this reason they could be used more systematically in the framework of urban mobility

Ouabain enhances release of acetylcholine in the heart evoked by unilateral vagal stimulation.

1986

The aim of the study was to elucidate peripheral effects of ouabain on the parasympathetic innervation of the heart, effects that could contribute to the experimentally and clinically well established “vagal effect of cardiac glycosides”. The experiments were carried out with ouabain concentrations of 3×10−7 and 10−6 mol/l, which were considered “therapeutic”, as they increased force of contraction and did not elicit arrhythmias in incubated chicken atria. In atrial preparations of chickens and guinea-pigs the negative chronotropic and inotropic effects of acetylcholine (ACh) were not altered by 3×10−7 mol/l ouabain. Resting efflux of ACh from perfused chicken hearts was increased by ouabai…

Comprehending city and its production in Africa through a systemic approach : example of the city of Diamniadio, Dakar

2022

For a long time, the analysis of the production of the city in Africa was based on an exogenous perception according to urban models theorized and experimented with in the Occidental countries, then diffused and applied through different mechanisms in the South, bearing witness to historical relations - through the making of the colonial city - and present relations - in the context of the making of new towns. After independence, researchers looked at the redefinition of the city in Africa with its complexity and plurality according to geographical and historical trajectories, proposing new urban theories that were more nuanced and linked to local and contextual realities. Therefore, follow…