Search results for "Balance"
showing 10 items of 1379 documents
TRANSIENT SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE SIMULATION INCLUDING ENERGY BALANCE EQUATION
1992
An efficient numerical method for the solution of hot‐carrier transport equations describing transient processes in submicrometer semiconductor devices is proposed. The calculations of transient processes in submicrometer MOS transistor were carried out and compared with the results obtained by conventional drift‐diffusion model.
Closed-form solutions of the energy balance equation for drip laterals under the Darcy-Weisbach resistance formula
2018
Many studies have investigated easy methods to design drip laterals, as well as the best resistance equation to use, which is fundamental to accurately account for friction losses. This paper addresses both the features of lateral design relationships and the influence of the friction-loss equation on the design variables. First, simple closed-form solutions of the energy balance equation for both sloped and horizontal drip laterals are derived with the simplified Darcy-Weisbach resistance formula by assuming the Darcy friction factor as invariant versus the Reynolds number. Second, an error analysis is performed assuming the friction factor as constant in the design, which is compared to u…
Different energy balances for the redesign of nearly net zero energy buildings: An Italian case study
2015
Abstract The currently developing concept of a Net Zero Energy Building introduces new challenges and research problems. The calculation of a net zero energy balance is heavily influenced by the energy carrier weighting factors that are chosen, which can deeply influence the future energy market towards adopting specific energy technologies. The following paper proposes an analysis of different definitions and conventions for Net Zero Energy Buildings that employ different calculation methodologies and apply different weighting factors to an Italian case study. The case study, which is called “the Leaf House”, is one of the first examples of a nearly net zero energy building in Italy. A bui…
Energy, economic and environmental analysis on RET-hydrogen systems in residential buildings
2008
The aim of this study was to analyze energy, economic and environmental performances of a set of scenarios dealing with the production and the use of hydrogen as energy carriers in residential applications in combination with renewable energy (RE). The authors also made an investigation into the required economic conditions necessary for making H2–RE residential systems competitive with conventional ones, which are based on the use of grid electricity and natural gas. A case study was enacted in a small residential district in Palermo (Italy) made by five multi-storey buildings. Many energy systems have been considered according to several fuel-device combinations (electric grid, fuel cell,…
Mixed heuristic-non linear optimization of energy management for hydrogen storage-based multi carrier hubs
2014
In this paper, an heuristic and non-linear programming based algorithm to optimally operate an energy hub plant is proposed. The energy hub plant described in this work is the test system for the European INGRID research project. The Energy Management System defines the optimal energy flows dispatch in order to obtain the energy balance and the maximum profit for the owner of the plant. The problem is highly constrained and non-linear, for this reason the methodology cannot rely on Linear Programming (LP) methods. The Energy Management System manages two energy carriers, electricity and hydrogen, interfacing three distribution networks: the electricity, the hydrogen and the methane networks…
ERCP : Energy-Efficient and Reliable-Aware Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
2022
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been around for over a decade and have been used in many important applications. Energy and reliability are two of the major problems with these kinds of applications. Reliable data delivery is an important issue in WSNs because it is a key part of how well data are sent. At the same time, energy consumption in battery-based sensors is another challenge. Therefore, efficient clustering and routing are techniques that can be used to save sensors energy and guarantee reliable message delivery. With this in mind, this paper develops an energy-efficient and reliable clustering protocol (ERCP) for WSNs. First, an efficient clustering technique is proposed for…
Uso de medicamentos associados ao risco de quedas em idosos não institucionalizados
2018
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar qué número de medicamentos consumidos diariamente es influyente en el riesgo de caídas en ancianos no institucionalizados y con historial de caídas en el último año. Método: Estudio descriptivo mediante muestreo aleatorio con la utilización de los siguientes instrumentos de medida: cuestionario de la OMS para el estudio de caídas en el anciano, escala de marcha y escala depresión geriátrica y escala de marcha y equilibrio. El análisis univariante, bivariante con prueba no paramétrica de Chi-cuadrado y regresión logística binaria se ellevó a cabo con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 21.0. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 213 personas. El consumo ≥ a 4 med…
An integrated simulation method for building energy performance assessment in urban environments
2012
a b s t r a c t The microclimate around a building, establishing through the interaction with other buildings or the natural environment, is a significant factor in the building energy consumption. This paper presents a method for the quantitative analysis of building energy performance under any given urban contexts by linking the microclimate model ENVI-met to the building energy simulation (BES) program EnergyPlus. The full microclimatic factors such as solar radiation, long wave radiation, air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed have been considered in the proposed scheme. A case study has been conducted to analyze the effects of different microclimatic factors on the energy balan…
Role of Green Coverings in Mitigating Heat Island Effects: An Analysis of Physical Models
2012
Worldwide, governments are introducing several rules and standards in the aim of limiting the quantity of primary energy for air conditioning of buildings and supporting the use of renewable source of energy for generating thermal and electric energy to be utilized in buildings such as the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings [1]. Along with these interventions, another important action takes currently place in the building sector, that is the introduction of passive structural components of the envelope, able to reduce the requirements of energy for air conditioning purposes. Among these building components, the so-called green roofs are becoming more and more interest…
Linkages between the Elements of Management Control Systems in a Non-Profit Organization
2011
This qualitative case study examines the emergence of MCS package. We apply the MCS package framework of [Malmi, T. and Brown, D.A. (2008) Management control systems as a package-Opportunities, challenges and research directions, Management Accounting Research, Vol. 19, Iss. 4, pp. 287-300] and investigate the linkages between different control elements of MCS package. The control elements of MCS package, particularly governance structures and cybernetic systems became often overlapping and redundant. All the control elements remained in the MCS package when they were once constructed. Even tough a large number of cybernetic controls (i.e. balanced scorecard, budgets, quality management sys…