Search results for "Behavioral"
showing 10 items of 3011 documents
Registered reports for qualitative research.
2022
Researchers are disincentivized from conducting urgently needed qualitative research, argues Veli-Matti Karhulahti. He recommends the adoption of registered reports for qualitative research as a remedial course of action. nonPeerReviewed
Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Prefrontal Cortex Slows Sequence Learning in Older Adults
2022
Aging is associated with declines in sensorimotor function. Several studies have demonstrated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, can be combined with training to mitigate age-related cognitive and motor declines. However, in some cases, the application of tDCS disrupts performance and learning. Here, we applied anodal tDCS either over the left prefrontal cortex (PFC), right PFC, supplementary motor complex (SMC), the left M1, or in a sham condition while older adults (n = 63) practiced a Discrete Sequence Production (DSP), an explicit motor sequence, task across 3 days. We hypothesized that stimulation to either the right or left P…
Disrupted Spatial Organization of Cued Exogenous Attention Persists Into Adulthood in Developmental Dyslexia
2021
Purpose: Abnormal exogenous attention orienting and diffused spatial distribution of attention have been associated with reading impairment in children with developmental dyslexia. However, studies in adults have failed to replicate such relationships. The goal of the present study was to address this issue by assessing exogenous visual attention and its peripheral spatial distribution in adults with developmental dyslexia.Methods: We measured response times, accuracy and eye movements of 18 dyslexics and 19 typical readers in a cued discrimination paradigm, in which stimuli were presented at different peripheral eccentricities.Results: Results showed that adults with developmental dyslexia…
Affect self-regulation through music
2018
The present dissertation focused on musical affect regulation, i.e. on the use of music to self-regulate affective states such as emotions, moods, and energy levels. In publication I, relevant findings from previous research were extracted and the field’s conceptual clarity and precision was assessed. Besides identifying weaknesses in conceptualization and providing recommendations for future studies, publication I found that not all the elements of affect regulation through music have been equally explored by research. Given the gap observed on the study of musical mechanisms underlying affect regulation, publication II placed a special focus on this component and its association with regu…
Selecting the special or choosing the common? A high-powered conceptual replication of Kim and Markus’ (1999) pen study
2022
Kim and Markus (1999) found that 74% of Americans selected a pen with an uncommon (vs. common) color, whereas only 24% of Asians made such a choice, highlighting a pronounced crosscultural difference in the extent to which people opt for originality or make majority-based choices. The present high-powered study (N = 729) conceptually replicates the results from Kim and Markus (1999; Study 3). However, our obtained effect size (r = .12) is significantly weaker than that of the original study (r = .52). Interestingly, given the globalization of mass media and the rapid economic progress of many Asian cultures during the last decades, a larger proportion of Chinese, but not American, participa…
Selection on two behavioral genes : fitness effects of receptor genes for arginine vasopressin 1a and oxytocin in the bank vole Myodes glareolus
2017
Most variation in behavior is regulated by genes; nevertheless the mechanisms behind maintenance of genetic diversity at behavioral loci have remained mainly elusive in natural populations. I studied in my thesis selection mechanisms of two genes associated with socio-sexual behavior, arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (Avpr1) and oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) in bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Expression of Avpr1a and Oxtr in specific regions of the brain regulates diverse social and reproductive behaviors such as parental care, aggression, sexual behavior, social recognition as well as pair and parent- offspring bonding in mammals. In addition, there is a link between the length of a regulatory re…
Pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy in implementing inclusive practices and resilience in Finland
2021
This study aims to explore Finnish pre-service teachers' self-efficacy in implementing inclusive education and their resilience. Survey data were collected from 105 pre-service teachers studying in a teacher education programme in one university in Finland. The relationships between pre-service teachers' self-efficacy in implementing inclusive practices, their perceived resilience, and background variables were examined using structural equation modelling. The results confirmed a three-factor structure for self-efficacy in implementing inclusive practices among the pre-service teachers. In addition, pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy was the strongest variable that related to their resilie…
The future of bottle recycling in the United States of America
2012
In this Master’s thesis, the future of bottle recycling in the United States of America will be examined through interest, incentive and an infrastructure (iii) model. One of the American ways to recycle bottles, namely, the Dream Machine initiative, will be compared to the Finnish bottle recycling system. It will shed light through surveys done from Finnish high school students and randomly selected Americans about bottle recycling behaviour. In addition, two supportive surveys were administered to bring validity about the possible behavioral change through properly implemented recycling systems. The main conclusion is that through a proper implementation of a bottle recycling system, Amer…
Habit and physical activity: Theoretical advances, practical implications, and agenda for future research
2019
Abstract Objective Understanding habits may inform intervention development aimed at promoting physical activity maintenance for long-term health. In the present article, I review theory and research on habits applied to physical activity. I provide an overview of contemporary conceptualizations of habit and habit theory; address whether or not physical activity can be habitual; review perspectives on how physical activity habits develop; summarize research on effects of physical activity habits; identify intervention strategies effective in promoting physical activity habits; and propose an agenda for future research on physical activity habits. Design and Methods Conceptual and narrative …
Habit and physical activity : Theoretical advances, practical implications, and agenda for future research
2018
Objective: Understanding habits may inform intervention development aimed at promoting physical activity maintenance for long-term health. In the present article, I review theory and research on habits applied to physical activity. I provide an overview of contemporary conceptualizations of habit and habit theory; address whether or not physical activity can be habitual; review perspectives on how physical activity habits develop; summarize research on effects of physical activity habits; identify intervention strategies effective in promoting physical activity habits; and propose an agenda for future research on physical activity habits. Design and Methods: Conceptual and narrative review.…