Search results for "Behaviorism"

Premis, càstigs i educació

2008

Els autors defensen que el costum i la llei confi guren la legalitat i la moralitat socials i determinen el nostre comportament, alhora que qüestionen els resultats 'esperats' de l'aplicació mecànica dels premis i càstigs en educació. Distingeixen el control extern 'supervisió' i l'intern 'motivació' en l'esdevenir dels comportaments analitzats, en relació a l'aplicació d'aquelles sancions i tot seguit aborden l'estudi monogràfi c des del conductisme, des del cognitivisme i des de la perspectiva moral. Ara aborden la complexitat contextual de la intervenció pedagògica i les alternatives possibles des dels plantejaments actitudinals dels subjectes, per concloure que els premis tenen la fi na…

Nuo mainiot miehet opettavine koneineen

2022

Arvosteltu teos: Watters, Audrey 2021. Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 328 s. 

Kyyhky ja opetuskone : inhimillisen ja ei-inhimillisen yhteenliittymiä B. F. Skinnerin behaviorismissa

2015

Artikkelissa käsitellään Burrhus Skinnerin behavioristista oppimisteoriaa sekä sen opetusteknologisia sovelluksia uusmaterialistisen tieteenfilosofian ja tieteentutkimuksen valossa. Uusmaterialismin merkitys kasvatustieteen filosofialle sekä alan historialliselle itseymmärrykselle ilmenee toimijuuden problematisoinnissa. Analyysi osoittaa, miten oppimista koskevassa tieteellisessä tiedossa sekä eläimillä että teknologialla on keskeinen, joskin vain osittain tiedostettu toimijuus tiedonmuodostuksessa sekä käytännön sovelluksissa. peerReviewed

Waging War Against Mechanical Man. Frank H. Knight's Critique of Behavioristic Psychology

2002

The major theme of this essay is to explore the rationale of Knight's campaign against the adoption of behaviorism in economics. We also attempt to qualify whether Knight's methodological criticism may somewhat undermine his recently acquired credentials as an institutionalist economist. In so doing we focus our attention in particular, but not exclusively, on his debate with the institutionalist Morris A. Copeland. In the first section we try to explain why behaviorism gained consensus among institutional economists, and we also provide a brief overview of the main behavioristic themes as they were presented in contemporary economic literature. The second section is devoted to Knight's rea…

On “Action Language” in Psychoanalysis

1980

The main tenets of action language are summarized in an attempt to discern the direction in which psychoanalysis might go if action language becomes the "new metapsychology." The principal roots of action language are traced to the different linguistic/language and personality-and-culture models of anthropology and to the neobehaviorist currents of academic psychology. The authors' findings support the hypothesis that action language is a form os psychoanalytic behaviorism having idealism, logical positivism, and radical empiricism as its philosophical underpinnings. Its adoption would confound the entire motivational aspect of psychoanalysis. Specifically, the authors suggest that action l…

Demokracja i wartości w wychowaniu. O epistemologicznym statusie doświadczenia w pragmatyzmie

2019

Znaczenie doświadczenia w wychowaniu w postulatach pedagogiki pragmatyzmu jest powszechnie znane. Wiele miejsca tej problematyce poświęcił John Dewey. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie o ograniczenia w wykorzystywaniu doświadczenia w procesie wychowania. Odpowiedź na to pytanie jest wpisana w epistemologiczne zagadnienie relacji między doświadczeniem a teorią. W pierwszym punkcie są przywołane najważniejsze kwestie dotyczące pojęć doświadczenia, demokracji i wartości w wychowaniu. W drugim punkcie opisana jest rola doświadczenia w pragmatyzmie w kontekście behawioryzmu, zwłaszcza behawioryzmu społecznego. W trzecim punkcie przedstawione są w skrócie epistemologiczne dyskusje nad stat…

Sukupolvenvaihdos behavioristisesta näkökulmasta : case: Martela oyj

2001

Naturalizzazione, mente e conoscenza

2009

Naturalizzazione, mente e conoscenza - A controversial issue regarding Quine’s naturalised epistemology is that it may involve some form of reductionism. This article focuses on one of these forms, analysing the interplay of his philosophy of mind and epistemology. It aims to show that if we take into proper consideration the way in which the version of anomalous monism embraced affects his conception of mental states like sensations and propositional attitudes, Quine’s philosophy of mind should be regarded as anti-reductionist. Through a discussion of his theory of perception, I try to argue that what is entailed by it is, in a sense only partially accepted by Quine himself, that neither p…

Human Nature and Economic Institutions: Instinct Psychology, Behaviorism, and the Development of American Institutionalism

2004

Recent articles have explored from different perspectives the psychological foundations of American institutionalism from its beginning to the interwar years (Hodgson 1999; Lewin 1996; Rutherford 2000a, 2000b; Asso and Fiorito 2003). Other authors had previously dwelled upon the same topic in their writings on the originsand development of the social sciences in the United States (Curti 1980; Degler 1991; Ross 1991). All have a common starting point: the emergence during the second half of the nineteenth century of instinct-based theories of human agency. Although various thinkers had already acknowledged the role of impulses and proclivities, it was not until Darwin's introduction of biolo…

Substanssi dualismi v. filosofinen behaviorismi

2017

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tarkastella tanskalaisen filosofin Erich Klawonnin argumentteja minä-substanssin puolesta ja englantilaisen filosofin Gilbert Rylen kritiikkiä kartesiolaiselle dualismille. Klawonn argumentoi, että ruumis ja mieli ovat kaksi erillistä substanssia, fyysinen ja aineeton minä-substanssi. Hänelle minä-substanssi edustaa sellaista, jolla on kattavat piirteet. Näitä piirteitä ovat mentaalisuus, yksilöllistäminen, ajan vaikuttamattomuus ja kuolemasta selviytyminen. Gilbert Rylen argumentit edustavat kriittistä näkemystä kartesiolaiselle dualismille. Hänen pohtii, ettei ole mitään aavemaista entiteettiä, joka hallitsisi ruumista. Näin ollen, ”aave koneessa dogmi” …