Search results for "Beneficia"
showing 10 items of 127 documents
Large-scale, millennial-length temperature reconstructions from tree-rings
2018
Supported by the German Science Foundation, grants # Inst 247/665-1 FUGG and ES 161/9-1. SSG acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, KJA by US National Science Foundation grants AGS-1501856 and NSF AGS-1501834, and JL and LS by the Belmont Forum and JPI-Climate, Collaborative Research Action INTEGRATE. Over the past two decades, the dendroclimate community has produced various annually resolved, warm season temperature reconstructions for the extratropical Northern Hemisphere. Here we compare these tree-ring based reconstructions back to 831 CE and present a set of basic metrics to provide guidance for non-specialists on their interpretation and use. We specifically d…
Carotenoids and Some Other Pigments from Fungi and Yeasts †
2021
Carotenoids are an essential group of compounds that may be obtained by microbiological synthesis. They are instrumental in various areas of industry, medicine, agriculture, and ecology. The increase of carotenoids’ demand at the global market is now essential. At the moment, the production of natural carotenoids is more expensive than obtaining their synthetic forms, but several new approaches/directions on how to decrease this difference were developed during the last decades. This review briefly describes the information accumulated until now about the beneficial effects of carotenoids on human health protection, their possible application in the treatments of various diseases, and their…
How ants acclimate: Impact of climatic conditions on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile
2017
1.Organisms from temperate zones are exposed to seasonal changes and must be able to cope with a wide range of climatic conditions. Especially ectotherms, including insects, are at risk to desiccate under dry and warm conditions, the more so given the changing climate. 2.To adjust to current conditions, organisms acclimate through changes in physiology, morphology and/or behaviour. Insects protect themselves against desiccation through a layer of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) on their body surface. Hence, acclimation may also affect the CHC profile, changing their waterproofing capacity under different climatic conditions. 3.Here, we investigated the acclimation response of two Temnothorax a…
Trichoderma harzianum Strain T22 Modulates Direct Defense of Tomato Plants in Response to Nezara viridula Feeding Activity
2021
AbstractPlant growth-promoting fungi belonging to genus Trichoderma are known to help plants when dealing with biotic stressors by enhancing plant defenses. While beneficial effects of Trichoderma spp. against plant pathogens have long been documented, fewer studies have investigated their effect on insect pests. Here, we studied the impact of Trichoderma root colonization on the plant defense responses against stink bug feeding attack. For this purpose, a model system consisting of tomato plant, Solanum lycopersicum cv Dwarf San Marzano, Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 and the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula, was used. We firstly determined stink bug performance in terms of rela…
Influence of brood temperature and hygrometry variations on the development of the honey bee ectoparasite Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata : Varroidae)
1990
The influence of different temperatures (from 26 to 39.5°C) and relative humidities (40 and 70%) on the development of Varma jacobsoni (Oudemans) was studied by placing newly capped and parasitized worker bee broods into thermostatically controlled chambers. In one set of experiments the temperature was kept constant, and in the second set, the parasitized worker broods were placed at a temperature of 40,41, or 42°C for a time varying from 0 to 24 h and then returned to 32.5°C. The optimal temperature for development of the mites was between 32.5 and 33.4°C, which corresponds to the brood temperature of Apis mellifera L. Above 36.5°C, reproduction of varroa females was significantly reduced…
Neonicotinoids in excretion product of phloem-feeding insects kill beneficial insects
2019
Significance The use of insecticides in agriculture is one of the suggested causes of the decline in insect populations. Neonicotinoids are among the most widely used insecticides. However, they have important negative side effects, especially for pollinators and other beneficial insects feeding on floral nectar and pollen. We identified an exposure route: Neonicotinoids reach and kill beneficial insects when they feed on the most abundant carbohydrate source for insects in agroecosystems, honeydew. Honeydew is the excretion product of phloem-feeding hemipteran insects such as aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies, or psyllids. This route of exposure is likely to affect a much wider range of benefi…
Transgenerational effects decrease larval resilience to ocean acidification & warming but juvenile European sea bass could benefit from higher te…
2021
1.AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) as well as the transgenerational effect of OA on larval and juvenile growth and metabolism of a large economically important fish species with a long generation time. Therefore we incubated European sea bass from Brittany (France) for two generations (>5 years in total) under current and predicted OA conditions (PCO2: 650 and 1700 µatm). In the F1 generation both OA condition were crossed with OW (temperature: 15-18°C and 20-23°C). We found that OA alone did not affect larval or juvenile growth and OW increased developmental time and growth rates, but OAW decreased larval size at me…
Methodology for determining foliar penetration of herbicides with reference to oil-based adjuvants
1994
Oils are used extensively in pesticide formulation and in pesticide application as spray adjuvants. They improve the biological efficacy of several foliage-applied herbicides without impairing their selectivity. Beneficial effects were first observed with atrazine in maize (Zea mays; Jones and Anderson 1968; Nalewaja 1968) and with phenmedipham in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris: Miller and Nalewaja 1973). More recently, oils have met with success as spray adjuvants for graminicides (Buhler and Burnside 1984; Nalewaja 1986; Barrentine and McWorther 1988) and for bentazone (Doran and Andersen 1975; Nalewaja et al. 1975). Since they allow the use of reduced herbicide application rates, oils also im…
Chlamyphilone, a Novel Pochonia chlamydosporia Metabolite with Insecticidal Activity
2019
Metabolites from a collection of selected fungal isolates have been screened for insecticidal activity against the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Crude organic extracts of culture filtrates from six fungal isolates (Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Penicillium griseofulvum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Talaromyces pinophilus) caused mortality of aphids within 72 h after treatment. In this work, bioassay-guided fractionation has been used to characterize the main bioactive metabolites accumulated in fungal extracts. Leucinostatins A, B and D represent the bioactive compounds produced by P. lilacinus. From P. griseofulvum and B. bassiana extracts, griseofulvin an…
The beneficial rhizosphere : a necessary strategy for microplant production
2000
Society's expectation that plant production systems will become more compatible with the environment requires the development of an agriculture with low chemical inputs. With microplants, this can be achieved successfully by the introduction of beneficial microorganisms, particularly those developing in the rhizosphere. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi has provided a wide range of examples of the usefulness of this technology. Recent results indicate that this application could be improved by combining mycorrhizal inoculation with other soil microbes with complementary beneficial effects. It is proposed that multimicrobial biotization is a valuable development for microplant technology.