Search results for "Beta oxidation"
showing 10 items of 44 documents
Medium chain acylcarnitines dominate the metabolite pattern in humans under moderate intensity exercise and support lipid oxidation.
2010
BACKGROUND: Exercise is an extreme physiological challenge for skeletal muscle energy metabolism and has notable health benefits. We aimed to identify and characterize metabolites, which are components of the regulatory network mediating the beneficial metabolic adaptation to exercise. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: First, we investigated plasma from healthy human subjects who completed two independent running studies under moderate, predominantly aerobic conditions. Samples obtained prior to and immediately after running and then 3 and 24 h into the recovery phase were analyzed by a non-targeted (NT-) metabolomics approach applying liquid chromatography-qTOF-mass spectrometry. Under t…
Low-intensity exercise stimulates bioenergetics and increases fat oxidation in mitochondria of blood mononuclear cells from sedentary adults.
2020
Aim Exercise training induces adaptations in muscle and other tissue mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, and oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was shown to be pivotal for the anti‐inflammatory status of immune cells. We hypothesize that exercise training can exert effects influence mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aim was to investigate the effect of exercise on the fatty acid oxidation‐dependent respiration in PBMCs. Design Twelve fasted or fed volunteers first performed incremental‐load exercise tests to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer to determine the optimal workload ensuring maximal health benefi…
ETC-1002: A future option for lipid disorders?
2014
ETC-1002 is a new investigational low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering agent (Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.). ETC-1002 is a dicarboxylic acid derivative with a novel mechanism of action targeting two hepatic enzymes - adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibiting sterol and fatty acid synthesis and promoting mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. This agent is currently in phase II clinical research. Available data report that ETC-1002 significantly decreased LDL-C levels (up to 32%) in both patients with normal and elevated baseline levels of triglycerides. Such beneficial effect is superior to curre…
ERK1 and ERK2 activation modulates diet-induced obesity in mice
2017
IF 3.112; International audience; Obesity is a worldwide problem, and dietary lipids play an important role in its pathogenesis. Recently, Erk1 knock-out (ERK1(-/-)) mice have been shown to exhibit low preference for dietary fatty acids. Hence, we maintained Erk1(-/-) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) to assess the implication of this mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in obesity. The Erk1(-/-) mice, fed the HFD, were more obese than wild-type (WT) animals, fed the same diet. Erk1(-/-) obese mice gained more fat and liver mass than WT obese animals. No difference was observed in daily food and energy intake in HFD-fed both group of animals. However, feed efficiency was higher in Erk1(-/-) t…
Hemmung der Fettsäureoxydation als ein Faktor bei der antiketogenen Wirkung von Zuckern und Polyalkoholen
1966
Die Wirkung von Fructose, Glucose, Sorbit, Xylit, Ribit und Glycerin auf die Oxydation von14C-Palmitinsaure durch gesunde und diabetische Ratten wurde untersucht. Die uber die Norm gesteigerte Fettsaureoxydation bei diabetischen Tieren wird durch Dauerinfusion aller untersuchten Kohlenhydrate mit Ausnahme von Glucose signifikant gehemmt. Die starkste Wirkung hat Sorbit; dann folgen Xylit, Fructose und Glycerin; Ribit hat die schwachste Wirkung.
Biochemical hepatic alterations and body lipid composition in the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed high-fat diets.
2006
High-fat diets may have favourable effects on growth of some carnivorous fish because of the protein-sparing effect of lipids, but high-fat diets also exert some negative impacts on flesh quality. The goal of the study was therefore to determine the effects of fat-enriched diets in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a typical herbivorous fish on growth and possible lipid metabolism alterations. Three isonitrogenous diets containing 2, 6 or 10% of a mixture of lard, maize oil and fish oil (1:1:1, by weight) were applied to fish for 8 weeks in a recirculation system. Data show that feeding diets with increasing lipid levels resulted in lowered feed intake, decreased growth and f…
Radioisotopic determination of l-carnitine content in foods commonly eaten in Western countries
2004
Abstract l -Carnitine is a vitamin-like nutrient essential for energy production and lipid metabolism in many organs and tissues such as skeletal muscle and heart. Even if l -carnitine can be synthesized, most of the carnitine present in human body is provided by food. Until now, no large study has been conducted where the content in l -carnitine of various foods was analyzed. The objective of this study was to determine the level of free l -carnitine present in food commonly consumed in Western countries. A radioisotopic assay was used to estimate l -carnitine content in raw and processed foods. From this study, it clearly appeared that meat products were the best sources for l -carnitine.…
Interaction between peroxisomes and mitochondria in fatty acid metabolism
2012
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are ubiquitously found organelles. They both are dynamic structures able to divide, to fuse and to undergo autophagic processes. Their activities are dependent on proteins that are, for most (mitochondria) or all (peroxisome) of them, synthesized in the cytosol from the nuclear genome. Nevertheless, the membrane structures and the DNA content differ between these two organelles. Mitochondria possess a small circular genome while peroxisomes don’t. The control of their dynamic is dependent on specific factors even if some of those are able to affect both. These two organelles are metabolically connected: they are both involved in lipid metabolism. They are both a…
Hypolipidaemic effects of fenofibrate are not altered by mildronate-mediated normalization of carnitine concentration in rat liver.
1999
The five-fold higher carnitine content in the liver of fenofibrate-treated rats addresses the question about the possible role of this enhancement in the hypolipidaemic effect of the drug and the underlying mechanisms. When fenofibrate was administered with mildronate (a gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor) in suitable amount, the content in carnitine was found to be normalized in liver. However, triglyceride contents of liver and serum were then at least as low as in rats treated by fenofibrate only. When carnitine concentration was lowered by mildronate to the third of the normal value, a marked increase in triglycerides occurred both in liver and serum, while the five-fold increase…
Apelin treatment increases complete Fatty Acid oxidation, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and biogenesis in muscle of insulin-resistant mice.
2012
Both acute and chronic apelin treatment have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in mice. However, the effects of apelin on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) during obesity-related insulin resistance have not yet been addressed. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the impact of chronic treatment on lipid use, especially in skeletal muscles. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese and insulin-resistant mice treated by an apelin injection (0.1 μmol/kg/day i.p.) during 4 weeks had decreased fat mass, glycemia, and plasma levels of triglycerides and were protected from hyperinsulinemia compared with HFD PBS-treated mice. Indirect calorimetry experiments showed that apelin-treated mice…