Search results for "Bile"
showing 10 items of 2148 documents
Virulence-Associated Mobile Elements in Bacilli and Clostridia
2014
This chapter focuses on (i) species that induce human diseases, (ii) species that are able to produce toxins, and (iii) the association of appropriate virulence factors with possible mobile elements. With reference to bacilli, the chapter discusses mainly Bacillus anthracis and B. cereus. A section on clostridia focuses on Clostridium perfringens, neurotoxin-producing clostridia, and species capable of producing large clostridial cytotoxins (LCTs). The chapter talks about the contribution of the genetic mobility of virulence genes to the evolution of pathogenic bacilli and clostridia. B. anthracis strains produce a tripartite protein toxin, comprising PA (protective antigen), EF (edema fact…
From Metaphors to Simulations to Idioms: Supporting the Conceptualisation Process
2004
The concept of metaphor has been used in UI design in a loose manner. There is a need to conceptually separate it from related concepts to restore the power it used to have in rhetoric. It is also important to understand the life cycle of metaphor, how it changes over time in the conceptualisation process. This is especially topical in ubiquitous computing, in which entirely new concepts and interaction styles are introduced. In this paper, we describe the use of metaphors and related concepts in theory and apply the approach in a mobile application.
Developing a formative assessment system for mathematics using mobile technology: A student centred approach
2012
The success of mobile technology for learning tools depends not only on the technical design aspects but also on pedagogical issues. Students' involvement in designing the tools is one of the key factors for their engagement in technology supported learning. Students should be actively involved in developing innovative solutions which are likely to improve their skills as well as their performance. In this study work, the students participated in iterative design processes of a mobile tablet based peer-to-peer assessment system (P2PASS) for mathematics, and in real life deployment on a mathematics course. The paper reports on two major concepts: the user centred design in practice and the p…
Social Computing: A Classification of Existing Paradigms
2012
In less than three decades, several paradigms of social computing have emerged. Among them, groupware, social software and mobile social software (MoSoSo) are the most widely known. Although all significant, it is challenging to recognize the function and unique features of each single paradigm. This situation represents an obstacle for a coherent development of social computing, a research domain that is highly fragmented and with relevant literature spread across several disciplines. In this paper, a classification of existing social computing paradigms is introduced as an initial effort to combine the lines of discourse concerning social computing.
MADE – A Groupware Application to Support Real-Time Activities of Distributed and Cooperating Communities
2003
Abstract. Distributed work has increased during the last few years. Employees travelling around in different countries still need access to information and must be reachable by their colleagues. A variety of mobile devices have been utilised for this purpose. However, often, when using multiple devices, the information is available to the appropriate device only. Transferring data between the devices is not always an intuitive or easy thing to do – not while conversing at least. This paper presents a groupware application to support real-time actions of distributed communities. The problem of separate devices is addressed by combining multiple tools, media, into a platform independent aggre…
XPL the Extensible Presentation Language
2009
The last decade has witnessed a growing interest in the development of web interfaces enabling both multiple ways to access contents and, at the same time, fruition by multiple modalities of interaction (point-and-click, contents reading, voice commands, gestures, etc.). In this paper we describe a framework aimed at streamlining the design process of multi-channel, multimodal interfaces enabling full reuse of software components. This framework is called the eXtensible Presentation architecture and Language (XPL), a presentation language based on design pattern paradigm that keeps separated the presentation layer from the underlying programming logic. The language supplies a methodology to…
Mobile Communication: Media Effects
2017
This entry introduces the reader to various media effects of mobile communication devices. The special focus is on mobile phones. The entry begins with a presentation of media effects on communication practices, on users, as well as on interlocutors and bystanders. It continues by analyzing the reverse effects of users on the redesign of mobile media. Lastly, the issues of how mobile communication is connected to social and geographical surroundings and how the use of mobile communication devices is related to the social structures of society are addressed. The entry concludes with a discussion of the media effects of mobile communication in the future. Keywords: digital media; mobile commu…
Physical Activity Tracker Application in Promoting Physical Activity Behavior among Older Adults : A 24-month Follow-Up Study
2022
Objectives To investigate whether and how PA tracker application use supports PA behavior among older adults during the first 24 months of use. Methods: The changes in PA levels (i.e., time spent in different PA intensities) and between PA categories (i.e., low, moderate, or high based on total PA) were examined between three different time points: before taking the application into use (t0), after 12 months of use (t1), and after 24 months of use (t2). The data was collected by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire modified for the elderly (IPAQ-E). Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in walking (χ2 (2) = 29.741, p < .001), moderate PA (χ2 (2) =…
Mobile social networking in theory and practice
2008
Mobile social networks have gained the attention of the media, academy and mobile market. Despite of the robust tradition of network and community studies, mobile social networks are often addressed improperly. This paper presents a theoretical framework to study mobile social networking and examines the design implications of results of an exploratory study conducted with a group of 18 young adults in Finland. The findings of this study indicate that the quality of mobile applications offering social networking could be greatly increased by integrating the knowledge of two traditions that so far developed in parallel, namely the mathematical as well as social approaches to social networks.
Replicating Experiments in “Detour Behavior” with Artificially Evolved Robots: An A-Life Approach to Comparative Psychology
1999
To be useful in psychology "artificial organisms" have to perform tasks comparable to those performed by animals. One way to achieve this is to rephcate actual animal experiments. Here we reproduce an experiment showing "detour behavior" in chicks - a behavior usually explained in terms of "cognitive maps" or other forms of internal representation. We artificially evolve software-simulated robots with a "generic" ability to detour. Sensor-motor physics are carefully calibrated with data from a physical robot. Robot architecture is constrained to exclude internal representation. The evolutionary process rewards exploratory skills as well as detour behavior. Robot performance matches the resu…