Search results for "Bile"
showing 10 items of 2148 documents
Standalone Smartphone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Ecological Momentary Interventions to Increase Mental Health: Narrative Review
2020
Background A growing number of psychological interventions are delivered via smartphones with the aim of increasing the efficacy and effectiveness of these treatments and providing scalable access to interventions for improving mental health. Most of the scientifically tested apps are based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) principles, which are considered the gold standard for the treatment of most mental health problems. Objective This review investigates standalone smartphone-based ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) built on principles derived from CBT that aim to improve mental health. Methods We searched the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and PubMed databases for peer-reviewed …
Human bile microbiota: A retrospective study focusing on age and gender
2021
Aims: The emerging biliary colonization of microorganisms in patients with biliary diseases may be devastating. Recent evidence suggests that age and gender may influence changes in the microbial composition of gut microbiota. To study the relationship between these parameters on bile microbiota, we retrospectively reviewed positive bile cultures following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a QA-certified academic surgical unit of a single institution. Methods: 449 positive bile cultures from 172 Italian patients with diseases of the biliopancreatic system hospitalized from 2006 through 2017 were investigated for aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal organisms. The patient…
Extra collagen overlay prolongs the differentiated phenotype in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes
2018
INTRODUCTION: Sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes (SCRH) have become an invaluable in vitro model to study hepatic drug disposition. SCRH are maintained between two layers of extracellular matrix. In this configuration, culture periods of 4days are typically applicable. The aim of the present study was to modify conventional SCRH by applying an additional collagen overlay to prolong the hepatic phenotype in SCRH and thus to extend the applicability of the model. METHODS: The cultures receiving an extra top layer ('SCRH-plus' cultures) were compared with the conventional SCRH by testing the morphology, cell functionality, metabolic capacity and Mrp2-activity. RESULTS: In the SCRH-plus cultures…
Muricholic Acids Promote Resistance to Hypercholesterolemia in Cholesterol-Fed Mice
2021
International audience; Background and aims: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Although resistant to hypercholesterolemia, the mouse is a prominent model in cardiovascular research. To assess the contribution of bile acids to this protective phenotype, we explored the impact of a 2-week-long dietary cholesterol overload on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in mice. Methods: Bile acid, oxysterol, and cholesterol metabolism and transport were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, GC-MS/MS, or enzymatic assays in the liver, the gut, the kidney, as well as in the feces, the blood, and the urine. Results: Plasma tr…
Both cholestatic and steatotic drugs trigger extensive alterations in the mRNA level of biliary transporters in rat hepatocytes: Application to devel…
2016
Disruption of the vectorial bile acid transport in the liver is a key feature of cholestatic drugs, although many causal and mechanistic aspects are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore if cholestatic drugs can repress or induce the expression of hepatic transporters. To this end, sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with cholestatic and non-cholestatic (steatotic, non-hepatotoxic, etc.) drugs and the mRNA expression of 10 uptake and efflux biliary transporters was measured. Results evidenced that all cholestatic drugs cause extensive alterations in the mRNA expression of most biliary transporters. Surprisingly, nearly all steatotic drugs also affected the ex…
Lean NAFLD: A Distinct Entity Shaped by Differential Metabolic Adaptation
2020
Background and Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a quarter of the adult population. A significant subset of patients are lean, but their underlying pathophysiology is not well understood. Approach and Results: We investigated the role of bile acids (BAs) and the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of lean NAFLD. BA and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 levels (a surrogate for intestinal farnesoid X receptor [FXR] activity), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) variants, and gut microbiota profiles in lean and nonlean NAFLD were investigated in a cohort of Caucasian patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n …
Zizyphin modulates calcium signalling in human taste bud cells and fat taste perception in the mouse.
2017
Zizyphin, isolated from Zizyphus sps. leaf extracts, has been shown to modulate sugar taste perception, and the palatability of a sweet solution is increased by the addition of fatty acids. We, therefore, studied whether zizyphin also modulates fat taste perception. Zizyphin was purified from edible fruit of Zizyphus lotus L. Zizyphin induced increases in [Ca2+]i in human taste bud cells (hTBC). Zizyphin shared the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pool and also recruited, in part, Ca2+ from extracellular environment via the opening of store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels. Zizyphin exerted additive actions on linoleic acid-induced increases in [Ca2+]i in these cells, indicating that zizyphin does no…
Modulation of the gut microbiota impacts nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A potential role for bile acids
2017
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, yet the pathogenesis of NAFLD is only partially understood. Here, we investigated the role of the gut bacteria in NAFLD by stimulating the gut bacteria via feeding mice the fermentable dietary fiber, guar gum (GG), and suppressing the gut bacteria via chronic oral administration of antibiotics. GG feeding profoundly altered the gut microbiota composition, in parallel with reduced diet-induced obesity and improved glucose tolerance. Strikingly, despite reducing adipose tissue mass and inflammation, GG enhanced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, concurrent with markedly elevated plasma and hepatic bile acid l…
The effectiveness and applicability of different lifestyle interventions for enhancing wellbeing : the study design for a randomized controlled trial…
2014
Background: Obesity and stress are among the most common lifestyle-related health problems. Most of the current disease prevention and management models are not satisfactorily cost-effective and hardly reach those who need them the most. Therefore, novel evidence-based controlled interventions are necessary to evaluate models for prevention and treatment based on self-management. This randomized controlled trial examines the effectiveness, applicability, and acceptability of different lifestyle interventions with individuals having symptoms of metabolic syndrome and psychological distress. The offered interventions are based on cognitive behavioral approaches, and are designed for enhancing…
Reducing Stress and Enhancing Academic Buoyancy among Adolescents Using a Brief Web-based Program Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy : A Rand…
2018
Acceptance and commitment therapy programs have rarely been used as preventive tools for alleviating stress and enhancing coping skills among adolescents. This randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of a novel Finnish web- and mobile-delivered five-week intervention program called Youth COMPASS among a general sample of ninth-grade adolescents (n= 249, 49% females). The intervention group showed a small but significant decrease in overall stress (between-group Cohen’s d = 0.22) and an increase in academic buoyancy (d= 0.27). Academic skills did not influence the intervention gains, but the intervention gains were largest among high-stressed participants. The results suggest that …