Search results for "Biochemical engineering"
showing 10 items of 227 documents
‐Aminonitriles: From Sustainable Preparation to Applications in Natural Product Synthesis
2020
Due to their numerous reactivity modes, α-aminonitriles represent versatile and valuable building blocks in organic total synthesis. Since their discovery by Adolph Strecker in 1850, this compound class has seen a wide dissemination in synthetic applications from laboratory to million-ton industrial scale and was extensively used in the syntheses of various classes of natural products. As these compounds provide a multitude of reactivity options, we feel that a broad overview of their multiple reaction modes may reveal less familiar opportunities for successful total synthesis planning. This personal account article will thus focus on α-aminonitriles used as key intermediates in selected na…
Aroma transfers in and through plastic packagings: orange juice andd-limonene. A review. Part II: overall sorption mechanisms and parameters—a litera…
1997
Nowadays, the quality of foodstuffs has more than ever included the notion that packaging1 contact is not always wholesome. It can alter the packaged food product by flavour scalping and can also affect the food by off-flavour release. Much research has been carried out to better understand the mass transfers involved with various synthetic polymeric films. Orange juice and one of its major volatile constituents, d-limonene, were probably amongst the first food products to be thoroughly studied. Yet, no extensive literature review has been undertaken in order to obtain a general and accurate description of the sorption and diffusion phenomena. This review underlines the effects of packaging…
In-use physicochemical and microbiological stability of biological parenteral products
2015
Pharmaceutical scientists in the biotechnology industry have traditionally focused on achieving acceptable shelf lives of drug products in their original, unopened product unit configuration (e.g., two years stored at 2–8 °C). However, it is now clear that stability considerations extend beyond
Relationships betweenin vitrodrug dissolution andin vivoresponse
2012
In recent years there has been an effort to relate manufacturing variables to the performance of the dosage form from a clinical point of view (in terms of safety and efficacy). Consequently any control strategy or the establishment of meaningful specifications should take into consideration the clinical impact on the patient. Since plasma levels are considered to be one of the most useful surrogates for clinical safety (in that bioequivalent plasma levels are considered therapeutically equivalent) and dissolution is the best surrogate for bioavailability, it is a natural consequence that dissolution be used to establish the design space in which all the formulations would have similar safe…
Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: an introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ …
2018
Over the past decade, formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing has gained increasing attention. Another mindset is pushed forward where scientists in our field are more confident to explore the in vivo behavior of an oral drug product by performing predictive in vitro dissolution studies. Similarly, there is an increasing interest in the application of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) frameworks and high-performance computing platforms to study the local processes underlying absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In that way, CFD and computing platforms both can inform future PBPK-based in silico frameworks and determine the GI-motility-driven hydrodynamic impac…
IMI – Oral biopharmaceutics tools project – Evaluation of bottom-up PBPK prediction success part 3: Identifying gaps in system parameters by analysin…
2016
Three Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic software packages (GI-Sim, Simcyp® Simulator, and GastroPlus™) were evaluated as part of the Innovative Medicine Initiative Oral Biopharmaceutics Tools project (OrBiTo) during a blinded “bottom-up” anticipation of human pharmacokinetics. After data analysis of the predicted vs. measured pharmacokinetics parameters, it was found that oral bioavailability (Foral) was underpredicted for compounds with low permeability, suggesting improper estimates of intestinal surface area, colonic absorption and/or lack of intestinal transporter information. Foral was also underpredicted for acidic compounds, suggesting overestimation of impact of ionisation on pe…
A Review of the Current Knowledge of Thermal Stability of Anthocyanins and Approaches to Their Stabilization to Heat
2021
Anthocyanins are colored valuable biocompounds, of which extraction increases globally, although functional applications are restrained by their limited environmental stability. Temperature is a critical parameter of food industrial processing that impacts on the food matrix, particularly affecting heat-sensitive compounds such as anthocyanins. Due to the notable scientific progress in the field of thermal stability of anthocyanins, an analytical and synthetic integration of published data is required. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and the kinetic parameters of anthocyanin degradation during heating, both in extracts and real food matrices. Several kinetic models (Arrheniu…
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Complexation for Environmental Control
2012
Supramolecular complexes offer a new and efficient way for the monitoring and removal of many substances emanating from technical processes, fertilization, plant and animal protection, or e.g. chemotherapy. Such pollutants range from toxic or radioactive metal ions and anions to chemical side products, herbicides, pesticides to drugs including steroids, and include degradation products from natural sources. The applications involve usually fast and reversible complex formation, due to prevailing non-covalent interactions. This is of importance for sensing as well as for separation techniques, where the often expensive host compounds can then be reused almost indefinitely. Immobilization of …
Single and Coupled Electrochemical Processes and Reactors for the Abatement of Organic Water Pollutants: A Critical Review.
2015
Traditional physicochemical and biological techniques, as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are often inadequate, ineffective, or expensive for industrial water reclamation. Within this context, the electrochemical technologies have found a niche where they can become dominant in the near future, especially for the abatement of biorefractory substances. In this critical review, some of the most promising electrochemical tools for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants are discussed in detail with the following goals: (1) to present the fundamental aspects of the selected processes; (2) to discuss the effect of both the main operating parameters and the rea…
Recent advances on portable sensing and biosensing assays applied for detection of main chemical and biological pollutant agents in water samples: A …
2021
Abstract The quality analysis of water, pharmaceutical and environmental compounds is a basic subject for human health. The presence of low-quality drugs, biological toxins and chemical compounds in water or forbidden additives in the nourishments lead to irreversible problems in human health. Hence, multiple analytical approaches have been presented for investigating the quality of environmental, pharmaceutical, and food compounds and monitoring the detection of toxic compounds and pollutants in water. Sensing tools based on analytical strategies are required for identifying and quantifying the different pollutants including biological and chemical contaminants in water samples. Among diff…