Search results for "Biocontrol"

Characterization of field isolates of Trichoderma antagonistic against Rhizoctonia solani.

2010

The aim of the present study was to characterize sixteen isolates of Trichoderma originating from a field of sugar beet where disease patches caused by Rhizoctonia solani were observed. Use of both molecular and morphological characteristics gave consistent identification of the isolates. Production of water-soluble and volatile inhibitors, mycoparasitism and induced systemic resistance in plant host were investigated using in vitro and in vivo tests in both sterilized and natural soils. This functional approach revealed the intra-specific diversity as well as biocontrol potential of the different isolates. Different antagonistic mechanisms were evident for different strains. The most antag…

Biocontrôle : impacts écologiques et durabilité

2022

Déterminisme du pouvoir protecteur de Fusarium oxysporum : recherche de gènes impliqués dans l'interaction protectrice avec la tomate

2007

Fusarium oxysporum is a common soil borne fungus, well represented in every type of soils, throughout the world. This species includes pathogenic strains inducing severe diseases in many crops and strains able to protect a plant against the infection by a pathogenic strain. The protective strains are not only non pathogenic strains isolated from suppressive soils but also pathogenic strains applied to a non host plant. The protective capacity of these strains is mainly based on mechanisms of competition and induced resistance of the plant The main objective of this work was to identify fungal genes involved in the protective capacity of these strains and associated to the elicitation of pla…

Review of factors influencing the success or failure of biocontrol: technical, industrial and socio-economic perspectives

2010

Communication orale au 11. IOBC-WPRS Meeting of the working group "Biological control of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens". Climate change: challenge or threat to biocontrol?, 2010/06/07-11 ; Graz (AUT).; International audience; Although their role in plant health management is still quite modest, ever increasing expectations are placed on biocontrol agents for the complementation or replacement of pesticide use. Despite decades of research and more than 12,000 scientific papers on biological control of plant diseases, little more than 14 microbe-based commercial products are presently registered for use against diseases in the European Union. Through a review of published scientific li…

Gestion des adventices dans un contexte de réduction des intrants de synthèse

2018

An endophytic bacillus subtilis strain protects grapevine against downy mildew by direct effect and defense stimulation

2018

National audience; Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, is one of the most devastating grape pathogen. Phytochemicals are generally used to control infections, but the appearance of resistant strains and the concern for possible adverse effects on environment and human health are increasing the search for alternative strategies. Biological control has received a great deal of attention as an alternative and promising measure to control different plant diseases. Many antagonistic microorganisms, including Bacillus spp., have been exploited against different pathogens. Bacillus spp. activity results from multiple modes of action including antibiosis, competition, a…

Identification of potential mycoherbicides using a metabarcoding approach

2018

National audience

Landscape effects on crop pest biocontrol are modulated by local pesticide use

2019

International audience; Control of crop pests by their natural enemies provide a valuable but poorly quantified ecosystem service in farmland. Complex landscapes including semi-natural habitats are expected to favour natural enemies thereby enhancing natural pest biocontrol in crops. However, when considering a large number of situations, the response of natural biocontrol to landscape properties is globally inconsistent, a possible explanation being that local agricultural practices counteract landscape effects. Here, we report on survey conducted along a crossed gradient of pesticide use intensity and landscape simplification that analysed the interactive effects of landscape characterist…

Pea root rot diseases : characterization and biocontrol of the disease complex including Aphanomyces euteiches.

2021

Root rots in peas are a major concern in most growing regions around the world. The disease is caused by a parasitic complex made up of many species of soil-borne fungi and oomycetes. In France, the main pathogen involved until recently was the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. The identity of the other components of the parasitic complex and their respective contributions to the disease have not been investigated. No control method is currently available to effectively control the disease, apart from a predictive biological test questioned by some users. However, this test allows the avoidance of infested plots, which furthermore limits the multiplication in soils of A. euteiches, i.e. the m…

Impact of biostimulants on the resistance induction level of grapevine to downy mildew by elicitors

2018

The protection of vineyards against cryptogamic diseases such as downy mildew is mainly ensured by synthetic fungicides, which cause serious environmental and health problems. The induction of resistance by elicitors could allow to reduce their use. However, even if their efficacy is demonstrated in greenhouse conditions, it remains quite variable in field conditions. Indeed, the efficacy of an elicitor depends on the plant’s ability to respond, or more generally, on the latter’s physiological status. In this context, part of the FUI project IRIS+, the aim of this present work is to evaluate whether biostimulants, through their effect on the plant’s physiology, would be able to increase the…