Search results for "Biodiesel"

Interesterification of rapeseed oil catalysed by a low surface area tin (II) oxide heterogeneous catalyst

2018

Abstract The interesterification of rapeseed oil was performed in a batch reactor using for the first time low surface area massive tin(II) oxide as heterogeneous catalyst and methyl acetate as acyl acceptor. The effect of reaction temperature, methyl acetate to oil molar ratio and catalyst loading on the performances of the process were investigated. Yields in fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and triacetin (TA) up to 90% and 70% respectively, were achieved after 4 h of reaction time at 483 K in the presence of 0.69 mol of SnO per mole of rapeseed oil using a methyl acetate to oil molar ratio of 40. Quite interestingly, the catalyst performances improved when water was added to the reaction…

One-pot synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles supported on halloysite nanotubes for catalytic applications

2020

Abstract A versatile catalyst based on halloysite and zinc oxide (HNT@ZnO) was prepared, for the first time, starting from ZnO commercial bulk form as Zn precursor source, in a one-pot procedure. This strategy gives the possibility to obtain small ZnO nanoparticles loaded on the HNT surface without the use of inorganic salts which envisage the removal of undesired anions and therefore a calcination process at high temperature. It was found that the presence of halloysite improved the UV–vis spectral absorption ability of ZnO. The hybrid was successful used as photocatalyst for the methylorange and rhodamine B degradation. In addition, after eight consecutive cycles for the methylorange phot…

Novel Functionality of Lithium-Impregnated Titania as Nanocatalyst

2019

The present work incorporates the synthesis of a multifunctional catalyst for the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel and recovery of rare earth elements (REEs). For this purpose, TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 doped with lithium ions were prepared. The influence of lithium ions on the catalytic performance of TiO2 was attained by impregnation of the different molar ratios of lithium hydroxide to bare TiO2. Then each catalyst was screened for catalytic conversion of WCO to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and also for REEs recovery. All synthesized materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microsc…

Recenti sviluppi del mercato comunitario e italiano del biodiesel. Primi risultati di un'indagine esplorativa in Italia

2012

This paper presents an updated picture on the market of biodiesel in the EU and in Italy outlined by official statistics and a direct survey carried out involving Italian processing companies. The highly uncertain sectorial policy with low incentives, and the strong competition from imports are among the main reasons contributing to a new Italian energy dependence in terms of vegetable oils and biodiesel, given of the increasing annual quotas scheduled for input in consumption ofbiofuels. The future prospects of the sector are highly dependent on both legislative supporting measures and the ability of companies to diversify the supply.

Il GIS come strumento di stima delle aree suscettibili alla coltura di Hedysarum coronarium, per la produzione di biodiesel in Sicilia

2013

zonizzazione del territorio siciliano suscettibile di rifornire una filiera bioenergetica che utilizza la sulla, Hedysarum coronarium, per la produzione di biodiesel.

Apparato di sintesi su letto catalitico e separazione di fasi liquido-gas

2011

Apparato di sintesi su letto catalitico e di separazione dei prodotti di sintesi comprendenti una fase gassosa e due fasi liquide, una fase liquida più pesante e l’altra fase liquida più leggera, l’apparato comprendente - un modulo di sintesi (M1) comprendente un primo tubo (1) provvisto ad una prima estremità di un’apertura e chiuso ad una seconda estremità da una griglia (7), il primo tubo (1) essendo atto a contenere al suo interno un letto catalitico (6); - ed un modulo di separazione (M2) per separare le due fasi liquide e la fase gassosa provenienti dal modulo di sintesi (M1), comprendente un secondo tubo (1’) disposto adiacente alla seconda estremità del primo tubo (1), comunicante c…

An experimental investigation on the long-term compatibility of preheated crude palm oil in a large compression ignition diesel engine

2018

An experimental study was carried out on a large stationary compression ignition engine to evaluate the long-term compatibility and durability issues associated with the use of crude palm oil as fuel. Two different preheating temperatures (60 and 80 °C) were adopted to assess the potential improvements related to lower fuel viscosity. The results obtained, in terms of in-cylinder carbon deposits and engine wear, were compared with the results obtained using ordinary diesel fuel. For each fuel and preheating temperature, the engine was operated for 300 consecutive h, during which several engine lubricant samples were collected and analysed to determine soot and fuel contaminations, viscosity…

THERMO-CATALYTIC PROCESSES FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

2017

Optimization of Biodiesel Injection Parameters Based on Support Vector Machine

2013

Published version of an article in the journal: Mathematical Problems in Engineering. Also available from Hindawi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/893084. Open Access For the running diesel engine, spray-atomization, mixed-combustion, and thermal-power conversion processes are inseparable, which causes difficulty to investigate atomization effect separately. This study was conducted to improve the atomization efficiency of the soybean fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) in engine, to achieve the minimum effective specific fuel consumption in specific engine working conditions, the different injection parameters combination were explored on the influence of effective specific fuel consumption at …

Characterization of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oil Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

2012

Biodiesel from vegetable oils has been analyzed and its suitability for internal combustion engines has been assessed. The Standard biofuel’s characteristics have been investigated. Gas chromatography (GC) tests were carried out to characterize the fatty acid behavior. It was found that the mass percentage of saturated fatty acids did not change substantially with time, while unsaturated fatty acids increased with time for both B100 and B30. An increase in density for B100 and B30 with time was noted. Biodiesel density was within the standardization. The calorific values of biodiesel and its blend increased with time. Higher heating value for B100 increased from 41 to 43 MJ/kg while B30 inc…