Search results for "Biodiversity and Ecology"
showing 10 items of 738 documents
Modeling of 137Cs migration in soils using an 80-year soil archive: role of fertilizers and agricultural amendments
2008
An 80-year soil archive, the 42-plot experimental design at the INRA in Versailles (France), is used here to study long-term contamination by 137Cs atmospheric deposition and the fate of this radioisotope when associated with various agricultural practices: fallow land, KCl, NH4(NO3), superphosphate fertilizers, horse manure and lime amendments. The pertinence of a simple box model, where radiocaesium is supposed to move downward by convectional mechanisms, is checked using samples from control plots which had been neither amended, nor cultivated since 1928. This simple model presents the advantage of depending on only two parameters: α, a proportional factor allowing the historical atmosph…
Le droit de propriété à l’ère du changement climatique
2019
International audience; La vérité maintenant indiscutable du changement climatique dérange l'espèce humaine, contrainte de modifier le sens de son développement. L'ampleur du bouleversement paraît telle qu'il faille, de toute urgence, penser la transition vers une économie fondée sur d'autres paradigmes que les énergies fossiles et la consommation illimitée des ressources naturelles. Le rôle du droit de propriété dans ce nouveau scénario est une interrogation majeure. Prérogative fondamentale des démocraties occidentales, la propriété traverse partout une crise existentielle tenant au fait qu'elle est au coeur du système, politique, juridique et économique, dont le procès est aujourd'hui ou…
Evaluation of the addition of fertilizing component on microbial communities and decomposition of organic matter in soil
2012
Organic matter (OM) influences many of the soil functions and occupies a central position in the global carbon cycle. At the scale of the agro-ecosystem, primary productivity is dependent on the recycling of soil organic matter (SOM) by the action of decomposers (mainly bacteria and fungi), which mineralize organic compounds, releasing the nutrients needed for plant growth. At a global scale, the recycling of the SOM determines the carbon flux between soil and atmosphere, with major consequences in terms of environmental quality. In this context, the management of SOM stocks in agro-ecosystems is a major issue from which depend the maintenance of the productivity and sustainability of agric…
'Dark Ecological Network': strategically tackling light pollution for biodiversity and people
2021
Night-time light pollution from artificial sources can disrupt biological processes and fragment habitats. This study presents a new concept foraddressing the problem: a 'dark ecological network'. Its development involves mapping a new system of connected functional zones and corridors where dark can be preserved to help birds, bats and other taxa, and gives people the chance to experience starry skies.
Analysing gene flow in heterogeneous landscapes: why and how to use genetic graphs?
2019
International audience; In heterogeneous landscapes, when species occupy discrete habitat patches, ecological connectivity is influenced by populations’ topology. Graph-theoretic methods constitute a relevant tool to reveal this topology and better analyse gene flow. Despite growing interest in genetic graphs, a better understanding of when and how to use them is lacking.To fill this gap, we simulated gene flow between 50 populations in different landscape configurations and constructed genetic graphs using various genetic distances and pruning (link selection) methods. We then compared metrics derived from these graphs to analogous metrics describing the topology and connectivity of the di…
A contribution to the inventory of parasitic microfungi on land plants in Champsaur region (French Alps, “Parc National des Ecrins”).
2023
A preliminary investigation of the flora of parasitic microfungi on land plants is reported, focused upon the mountain and the base of the subalpine ranges, in Champsaur region, (south-western French Alps, mainly within the “Parc National des Ecrins”). Sheltered by 128 host-plant species, 182 species of microfungi have been identified. Their respective distributions, among 24 investigated localities (including four located within the Central Zone of the “Parc National des Ecrins”), are specified. Moreover, seven of these 182 microfungi do not match satisfactorily any of the consulted diagnosis in the specialized literature. Accordingly, a detailed description of the main distinctive traits …
Le paysage nocturne de montagne, nouvelle identité visuelle et outil d’action collective pour des territoires en transitions ?
2017
Global-Scale Environmental Niche and Habitat of Blue Shark (Prionace glauca) by Size and Sex: A Pivotal Step to Improving Stock Management
2022
25 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.828412/full#supplementary-material.-- Data Availability Statement: The blue shark habitat data are available on the JRC Data Catalogue (https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset?q=fish%20habitat) (or upon request) and habitat maps are available online (https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/web/fish-habitat/habitatmapping). Chlorophyll-a data are available online (https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/l3). The abiotic environmental and mesopelagic micronekton data are available online (https://marine.copernicus.eu/access-data).
Approche d'un territoire de montagne : occupations humaines et contexte pédo-sédimentaire des versants du col du Petit-Saint-Bernard, de la Préhistoi…
2014
As part of a multi-year programme, survey campaigns have been carried out on both slopes of the Petit-Saint-Bernard pass (2188 m, western Alps), at an altitude of between 750 and 3000 m. The method employed abandons ground-based surveying in favour of multiple manual surveys carried out on selected topographic contexts down to the base of the Holocene fill. The results obtained document the longterm development of the pedo-sedimentary dynamic and the occupation of the different altitude stages. The significance of the archaeological data collected is discussed in relation to the state of knowledge in a comparison area including the neighbouring valleys of the western Alps, to existing settl…
Coloration reflects behavioural types in the convict cichlid, Amatitlania siquia.
2015
9 pages; International audience; Interindividual behavioural differences, consistent over time and across situations, are frequently related to differences in reproductive success, susceptibility to disease and competitive ability. The behavioural phenotype of a conspecific is likely to affect the outcome of a social interaction, so an individual must be able to accurately assess behavioural phenotypes in order to optimize behavioural responses during mate choice, cooperative relationships and agonistic interactions. However, behavioural assessment based on dyadic interactions in different contexts can be costly because it may require significant time, increase the risk of predation and oft…