Search results for "Bioethic"
showing 10 items of 70 documents
Antipredatory function of head shape for vipers and their mimics.
2011
Most research into the adaptive significance of warning signals has focused on the colouration and patterns of prey animals. However, behaviour, odour and body shape can also have signal functions and thereby reduce predators' willingness to attack defended prey. European vipers all have a distinctive triangular head shape; and they are all venomous. Several non-venomous snakes, including the subfamily Natricinae, commonly flatten their heads (also known as head triangulation) when disturbed. The adaptive significance of this potential behavioural mimicry has never been investigated. We experimentally tested if the triangular head shape typical of vipers offers protection against predation.…
Malasanità e/o malpractice. Lettura in chiave bioetica.
2008
Sì.
Teoría y práctica de la dignidad en cuidados paliativos: una revisión
2014
A review study on human dignity is performed in order to theoretically understand this concept in the framework of palliative care, and in which extent these ideas have been developed on a practical level. Specifically, a review of those texts focused on human dignity from philosophy, law, religion, bioethics, health care and palliative care was carried out. This review also tried to find and report some similarities and differences among different approaches. Those differences are the basis of current debate on palliative care. Authors conclude that any approach to human dignity should be closer to the clinical practice in palliative care.
International Bioethics Committees: Conditions for a Good Deliberation
2016
One of the most relevant effects of bioethics emergence has been the spread of deliberative bodies on bioethics matters. Their features are very wide, depending upon the entity that creates them, their regional scope, the issues they deal with, the ruling strength of their agreements, etc. Among them, international bioethics committees are particularly relevant due to the huge impact of their work on global public opinion, as well as on the policies approved by governments all around the world. These bodies are presumed to adopt their decisions, as well as the other bioethics committees, after deliberating on facts and values (Gracia 2001).
Trasplante de córnea: aspectos bioéticos
2019
Resumen: Este trabajo aborda los aspectos bioéticos del trasplante de córnea, desde la donación y los tipos de la misma, incluyendo el comercio de órganos y tejidos, así como la metodología del trasplante y el uso de tratamientos inmunosupresores, además del consentimiento informado y la participación del paciente en las decisiones. Se analizan las técnicas actuales, la efectividad y las circunstancias en las que se puede aplicar cada una de ellas así como los estudios emergentes basados en la terapia celular. Algunos de los estudios emplean células troncales derivadas de embriones humanos, y otras de tejidos adultos y células troncales pluripotentes inducidas (iPS). Se propone un análisis …
Scientific production in bioethics in Spain through MEDLINE
2007
Fundamento: Describir la producción científica española en bioética entre 1966 y 2003. Métodos: Se seleccionaron los documentos publicados por autores españoles y recogidos en la base de datos MEDLINE, mediante el cruce de las palabras bioética con otras diversas del mismo ámbito. Resultados: Se estudiaron 858 documentos, de los cuales 78 (9,1%) se publicaron entre 1966 y 1983, 163 (19%) entre 1984 y 1993, y 617 (71,9%) entre 1994 y 2003. Los principales temas publicados fueron: legislación y derechos (15,4%) e investigación y comités de ética (13,1%). En el último período se ha observado un aumento significativo de las publicaciones sobre genética y clonación y un descenso sobre las de abo…
Bioetica, sacralità della vita e virtù. Osservazioni critiche su un recente libro di M. La Torre
2022
In this paper, some critical remarks on M. La Torre’s book, Bioetica in tempo di pandemia are exposed. These remarks concerns: 1) the justification of paternalism according to La Torre’s liberal account of bioethics. If paternalism is justified then it is open to debate in which sense his proposal can be labelled as “liberal”; 2) what one earns with assuming that in order to solve conflicts of values we should prefer moral specificationism in front of Alexy’s balancing between legal principles. We will show that in arguing for specificationism La Torre tries to avoid the phenomenon of tragic choice, without succeeding; 3) the lack of clarity in depicting the idea of “sacred life”. This idea…
Gestational surrogacy. Current view
2019
Surrogate motherhood is an assisted procreation practice by which a woman gestates an embryo with which she has no biological relationship on behalf of a contracting couple or individual, having to relinquish the child to them after its birth. This practice normally entails a financial remuneration for the pregnant woman; when this is not the case, it is called altruistic surrogacy. From a medical perspective, potential problems for the surrogate and for children born through this practice should be taken into account, especially the existence of possible disabilities in the child. The bioethical aspects are of most interest because the practice of surrogacy objectifies the expectant mother…
Bioetyka konfucjańska. Zagadnienie świadomej zgody w kontekście tradycyjnego chińskiego światopoglądu
2017
Tekst dotyczy bioetyki w Chinach, w szczególności bioetyki konfucjańskiej, i ukazuje funkcjonowanie medycyny oraz problemów bioetycznych w szerszym kontekście kulturowym. Tradycyjny chiński światopogląd i obyczajowość wpływają na konceptualizację i realizację poszczególnych kwestii bioetycznych. W tekście ukazany zostaje problem świadomej zgody i różnic kulturowych w jej pojmowaniu i egzekwowaniu. Ze względu na zupełnie odmienne postrzeganie relacji między jednostką a grupą w Chinach w porównaniu z kulturami indywidualistycznymi (Europa Zachodnia, Ameryka Północna, Australia) bioetycy chińscy przewartościowali pojęcie świadomej zgody, wprowadzając konkurencyjną koncepcję community-assisted …
[Access to hepatitis C treatment: a lesson for the future.]
2018
L’immissione in commercio dei farmaci antivirali ad azione diretta (DAA) di nuova generazione per la terapia dell’infezione cronica da virus dell’epatite C ha rivoluzionato lo scenario precedente e ha messo a dura prova le istituzioni, a causa del prezzo elevato delle terapie. Un’analisi di quanto accaduto negli ultimi tre anni, specialmente in Italia, ci aiuta a comprendere come è stata gestita la contrattazione dei prezzi e soprattutto con quali criteri si è scelto, in una prima fase, di consentire un accesso ristretto in base al bisogno di cura dei pazienti. Ciò consente di mettere a fuoco alcuni temi importanti e di individuare le sfide che ci attendono nel prossimo futuro. The new gene…