Search results for "Bioinformatics"

Flavonoids in Bone Erosive Diseases: Perspectives in Osteoporosis Treatment

2020

Imbalance of bone homeostasis, with excessive bone resorption compared with bone formation, leads to the development of progressive osteopenia leading to lower bone resistance to load, with consequent pain and functional limitations. Phytochemicals with therapeutic and preventive effects against bone resorption have recently received increasing attention since they are potentially more suitable for long-term use than traditional therapeutic chemical compounds. In this systematic review of the literature of the past 5 years, comprehensive information is provided on flavonoids with potential antiresorption and pro-osteogenic effects. It aims to highlight the molecular mechanisms of these mole…

39 Formation of a Lysosomal Disease Testing Network to enhance the delivery of diagnostic services to patients with lysosomal storage disorders

2007

Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis

2020

: Stroke is a heterogeneous disease, and within the broad category of brain ischemia and its subtypes vary dramatically in its etiology. : The endothelium can regulate the vascular homeostasis by modulating processes of vascular dilation and constriction by producing and secreting cytokines and chemical mediators, and inflammation represents one of the most important factors that contribute to alteration in vessel structure and function by dysregulation of this fine balance. : Endothelial dysfunction means a basic determinant of the vascular damage, which can be identified in all different clinical subtypes of stroke, and, recently, it has been recognized as an interesting determinant of c…

Microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis: a pathogenetic basis for therapy?

2000

Sepsis is a frequent complication of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and remains a major problem of intensive care medicine. It is also a common factor in the final cause of death in hospital populations. Clinical observations, assisted by invasive monitoring techniques as well as pathological-anatomical studies, clearly indicate that microcirculatory dysfunction lies at the centre of sepsis pathogenesis. Numerous animal models, from rodents to primates, many of which employ bacteria or their toxins, especially endotoxins, have helped to shed light on the pathomechanisms leading to this dysregulation in the peripheral circulation. Among these are activation of humoral and cellular infla…

P3–247: Functional consequences of LRP expression on familiar Alzheimer disease APP mutations

2006

Epigenetic Biomarkers

2016

Our epigenome is characterized by its ability to dynamically respond to intra- and extracellular stimuli. These epigenetic changes are reversible and consequently are potential contributors to health and disease. Epigenetic biomarkers are emerging as tools for the screening and early detection of various diseases, for prognostic and treatment monitoring, and for predicting future risk of disease development. In clinical practice, this will contribute to the development of in vitro diagnostic and prognostic tools, which in turn may also lead to advances in personalized medicine. In this chapter we propose a definition for epigenetic biomarkers and describe different technologies used for the…

Epigenetic biomarkers for disease diagnosis

2019

Abstract Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of human diseases; therefore, because of the dynamic nature of this orchestrated regulation of epigenetic marks and epigenetic mechanisms, it is possible to use these marks as biomarkers. In this context, an epigenetic biomarker is “any epigenetic mark or altered epigenetic mechanism” which generally serves to evaluate health or disease status, progression or treatment response and is particularly stable and reproducible during sample processing. Advances in precision medicine, with better diagnostic and treatment strategies are the hope to improve the management of diseases, comorbidities, and morta…

Clinical and immunological aspects of microRNAs in neonatal sepsis

2022

Abstract Neonatal sepsis constitutes a highly relevant public health challenge and is the most common cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that during infection epigenetic changes may occur leading to reprogramming of gene expression. Post-transcriptional regulation by short non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) have recently acquired special relevance because of their role in the regulation of the pathophysiology of sepsis and their potential clinical use as biomarkers. ~22-nucleotide of microRNAs are not only involved in regulating multiple relevant cellular and molecular functions, such as immune cell function and inflammatory response, but have…

Recommendations for a nomenclature system for reporting methylation aberrations in imprinted domains

2018

The analysis of DNA methylation has become routine in the pipeline for diagnosis of imprinting disorders, with many publications reporting aberrant methylation associated with imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs). However, comparisons between these studies are routinely hampered by the lack of consistency in reporting sites of methylation evaluated. To avoid confusion surrounding nomenclature, special care is needed to communicate results accurately, especially between scientists and other health care professionals. Within the European Network for Human Congenital Imprinting Disorders we have discussed these issues and designed a nomenclature for naming imprinted DMRs as well …

Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome.

2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a clinical condition that deserves special attention because it puts the individual at high cardiovascular risk, especially heart attack and stroke. Considering precision medicine, it would be advisable to evaluate the individual cardio-metabolic risk by estimating the coexistence of risk factors (abdominal obesity, low level of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, High Triglycerides, and small dense Low-Density Lipoproteins sub-classes, hypertension, and elevated fasting glycemia), which could engrave on metabolism increasing cardiovascular mortality. Objective: To identify genetic and epigenetic biomarkers may assist in the possibility of helping follow…