Search results for "Biomedical engineering"
showing 10 items of 2020 documents
Clinical Approach to Flash Glucose Monitoring: An Expert Recommendation
2019
The flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system FreeStyle Libre® is a device that measures interstitial glucose in a very simple way and indicates direction and speed of glucose change. This allows persons with diabetes to prevent hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events. Scientific evidence indicates that the system can improve glycemic control and quality of life. To obtain the maximum benefit, it is necessary to properly handle glucose values and trends. Due to the generalization of the system use, the purpose of the document is to provide recommendations for the optimal use of the device, not only in the management of glucose values and trends but also in the prevention of hypoglycemia, actuati…
Glycemic Variability Assessment with a 14-Day Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: When and How Long to Measure MAGE (Mean Amplitude of Glucose Excu…
2021
Mean amplitude of glucose excursion (MAGE) is considered as the “gold standard” for assessing the short-term within-day glycemic variability (GV), which is an important component of overall glycemic control. A 14-day continuous glucose monitoring system is now widely used and allows easier assessment of GV. However, it is still unknown whether MAGE, usually calculated on a 48-hour period is identical whatever the time during the 14-day lifespan of the sensor and whether a longer time period might give additional information. We evaluated in 68 patients with type 1 diabetes, MAGE during three 2-day periods (day1-day3; day6-day8; day11-day13) and during periods of 3 days and 4 days. MAGE cal…
Psychosocial Aspects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
2016
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems provide people with diabetes with valuable real-time information on glucose trajectories and trends, thus offering opportunities for improving diabetes self-management. Ample evidence from clinical trials underscores CGM effectiveness for biomedical outcomes including HbA1C and hypoglycemia. However, interindividual variability in CGM uptake seems to be substantial: Neither do all individuals with diabetes adopt CGM readily in their diabetes self-management, nor do all of them benefit from CGM. In this article, we focus on CGM effects on quality of life and the potential role of psychosocial patient characteristics for determining the uptake and …
Ambulatory Glucose Profile Applied to Flash Glucose Monitoring in Real Life: An Expert Opinion.
2016
The clinical benefits of real time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) use have been well demonstrated in both CSII- and MDI-treated individuals in large clinical trials. However, recommendations for patient use of rtCGM in everyday life situations are lacking. This article provides guidance to clinicians and patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in effective use of rtCGM data, including glucose rate of change (ROC) arrows, for insulin dosing adjustments and other treatment decisions. The recommendations presented here are based on our own clinical experiences as endocrinologists, our personal experiences living with T1D using rtCGM, and findings from a recent survey of T1D patients who hav…
Tailoring Novel PTFE Surface Properties: Promoting Cell Adhesion and Antifouling Properties via a Wet Chemical Approach
2016
Many biomaterials used for tissue engineering applications lack cell-adhesiveness and, in addition, are prone to nonspecific adsorption of proteins. This is especially important for blood-contacting devices such as vascular grafts and valves where appropriate surface properties should inhibit the initial attachment of platelets and promote endothelial cell colonization. As a consequence, the long-term outcome of the implants would be improved and the need for anticoagulation therapy could be reduced or even abolished. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a frequently used polymer for various medical applications, was wet-chemically activated and subsequently modified by grafting the endothelial …
A biostable, anti-fouling zwitterionic polyurethane-urea based on PDMS for use in blood-contacting medical devices.
2020
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is commonly used in medical devices because it is non-toxic and stable against oxidative stress. Relatively high blood platelet adhesion and the need for chemical crosslinking through curing, however, limit its utility. In this research, a biostable PDMS-based polyurethane-urea bearing zwitterion sulfobetaine (PDMS-SB-UU) was synthesized for potential use in the fabrication or coating of blood-contacting devices, such as a conduits, artificial lungs, and microfluidic devices. The chemical structure and physical properties of synthesized PDMS-SB-UU were confirmed by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and uniaxial stress-strain cur…
Rapid formation of plasma protein corona critically affects nanoparticle pathophysiology
2013
In biological fluids, proteins bind to the surface of nanoparticles to form a coating known as the protein corona, which can critically affect the interaction of the nanoparticles with living systems. As physiological systems are highly dynamic, it is important to obtain a time-resolved knowledge of protein-corona formation, development and biological relevancy. Here we show that label-free snapshot proteomics can be used to obtain quantitative time-resolved profiles of human plasma coronas formed on silica and polystyrene nanoparticles of various size and surface functionalization. Complex time- and nanoparticle-specific coronas, which comprise almost 300 different proteins, were found to …
Towards understanding the complexity of cardiovascular oscillations: Insights from information theory.
2018
Abstract Cardiovascular complexity is a feature of healthy physiological regulation, which stems from the simultaneous activity of several cardiovascular reflexes and other non-reflex physiological mechanisms. It is manifested in the rich dynamics characterizing the spontaneous heart rate and blood pressure variability (HRV and BPV). The present study faces the challenge of disclosing the origin of short-term HRV and BPV from the statistical perspective offered by information theory. To dissect the physiological mechanisms giving rise to cardiovascular complexity in different conditions, measures of predictive information, information storage, information transfer and information modificati…
Photoplethysmography system for blood pulsation detection in unloaded artery conditions
2012
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is an optical method of blood pulsation recording and has been extensively studied for decades. Recently PPG is widely used in the medical equipment for patient monitoring and in laboratories for research and physiological studies. In spite of the technological progress in the field of medical equipment, there are no generally accepted standards for clinical PPG measurements up to date. One of the most important factors affecting PPG waveform is the contact pressure between tissue and PPG probe. The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate a system for software-assisted PPG signal acquisition from the unloaded artery. Novel PPG waveform derived Optimal…
A Method to Evaluate Chewing Efficiency in Infants Through Food Bolus Characterization: A Preliminary Study
2015
Chewing skills develop greatly during the two first years of life, but the evolution of masticatory efficiency has never been directly measured so far. A bottleneck for such study is the difficulty in using the chew-and-spit method with infants and very young children. Herein, we propose a new method based on a model gel enclosed in a food feeder, which has been assessed with adult subjects. Subjects chewed and compressed the gel either alone or enclosed in two different feeders. Analysis of the number of particles and particle area distribution revealed that one feeder,made from silicone teat, interfered with bolus breakdown. However, similar results were observed between experiments in a …