Search results for "Biota"

Microbiota-Mitochondria Inter-Talk: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

2020

The rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern worldwide. New discoveries in the field of metagenomics and clinical research have revealed that the gut microbiota plays a key role in these metabolic disorders. The mechanisms regulating microbiota composition are multifactorial and include resistance to stress, presence of pathogens, diet, cultural habits and general health conditions. Recent evidence has shed light on the influence of microbiota quality and diversity on mitochondrial functions. Of note, the gut microbiota has been shown to regulate crucial transcription factors, coactivators, as well as enzymes implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and meta…

Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening

2020

Cross-sectional studies conducted with obese and control subjects have suggested associations between gut microbiota alterations and obesity, but the links with specific disease phenotypes and proofs of causality are still scarce. The present study aimed to profile the gut microbiota of lean and obese children with and without insulin resistance to characterize associations with specific obesity-related complications and understand the role played in metabolic inflammation. Through massive sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and data analysis using a novel permutation approach, we have detected decreased incidence of Blautia species, especially Blautia luti and B. wexlerae, in the gut mic…

Native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters foliar bacterial community composition.

2017

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on plant-associated microbes are poorly known. We tested the hypothesis that colonization by an AM fungus affects microbial species richness and microbial community composition of host plant tissues. We grew the grass, Deschampsia flexuosa in a greenhouse with or without the native AM fungus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum. We divided clonally produced tillers into two parts: one inoculated with AM fungus spores and one without AM fungus inoculation (non-mycorrhizal, NM). We characterized bacterial (16S rRNA gene) and fungal communities (internal transcribed spacer region) in surface-sterilized leaf and root plant compartments. AM fungus inoculat…

2015

Molecular clock analyses estimate that crown-group animals began diversifying hundreds of millions of years before the start of the Cambrian period. However, the fossil record has not yielded unequivocal evidence for animals during this interval. Some of the most promising candidates for Precambrian animals occur in the Weng'an biota of South China, including a suite of tubular fossils assigned to Sinocyclocyclicus , Ramitubus , Crassitubus and Quadratitubus , that have been interpreted as soft-bodied eumetazoans comparable to tabulate corals. Here, we present new insights into the anatomy, original composition and phylogenetic affinities of these taxa based on data from synchrotron radiat…

Role of biological control agents and physical treatments in maintaining the quality of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables

2019

International audience; Fruit and vegetables are an important part of human diets and provide multiple health benefits. However, due to the short shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, significant losses occur throughout the food distribution chain. Shelf-life extension requires preserving both the quality and safety of food products. The quality of fruit and vegetables, either fresh or fresh-cut, depends on many factors and can be determined by analytical or sensory evaluation methods. Among the various technologies used to maintain the quality and increase shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, biological control is a promising approac…

Identification of Gut Microbial Lysine and Histidine Degradation and CYP-Dependent Metabolites as Biomarkers of Fatty Liver Disease

2023

Numerous studies have described specific metabolites as biomarkers ofsevere liver diseases, but very few have measured gut microbiota (GM)-produced metab-olites in fatty liver disease. We aimed atfinding GM signatures and metabolite markersin plasma and feces related to high liver fat content. Based on imaging, we dividedstudy participants into low (,5%, LF,n= 25) and high (.5%, HF,n= 39) liver fatgroups. Fecal (LFn= 14, HFn= 25) and plasma (LFn= 11, HFn= 7) metabolomes ofsubsets of participants were studied using liquid chromatography/high resolution massspectrometry. The GM were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally,blood clinical variables and diet were studied. Dyslipide…

Fēču mikrobiotas raksturojums un to ietekmējošie faktori bērniem

2020

Ievads. Agrīna mikrobiotas attīstība ietekmē gan imūnsistēmas nobriešanu, gan dažādu patoloģiju, kā, piemēram, alerģijas, infekciju un citu slimību attīstību bērnībā, tāpēc nepieciešams identificēt mikrobiotas sastāva atšķirības un to ietekmējošos agrīnos riska faktorus bērniem. Darba mērķis. Pētīt fēču mikrobiotas sastāvu pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem un analizēt to ietekmējošos faktorus. Materiāli un metodes. Šķērsgriezuma pētījums veikts primārajos veselības aprūpes centros. Bērnu (līdz piecu gadu vecumam) vecākiem tika lūgts aizpildīt anketu (demogrāfiskie dati, dzimšanas veids, barošana pirmajā dzīves gadā, antibakteriāla terapija mātei laktācijas laikā, ģimenes dati) un atnest bērna fēču…

Stability of the human microbiome. Health and disease imprinted in the time variability of the human microbiota.

2019

Animal microbiota plays an essential role in keeping the physiological status of the host healthy. This microbiota consists of hundreds of different species that inhabit the host, and whose composition varies on a daily basis due to multiple factors as diets, medicine intakes, lifestyle or diseases. It is a highly dynamical system that shows variability even when the host is in a healthy condition, but visible changes happen when the system is perturbed. Thus, the main objective of this thesis aimed to study the temporal variability of human microbiota, and link it to the health status of the host. For this, we proposed a formal definition of stability in microbial systems based on the use …

Microplastic incorporation into soil in agroecosystems

2017

Background: We live in a plastic age (Thompson et al., 2009), with microplastic (typically defined as plastic particles < 5 mm) becoming an increasingly appreciated aspect of environmental pollution. Research has been overwhelmingly focused on aquatic systems, especially the oceans, but there is a current shift to more strongly consider terrestrial ecosystems (Rillig, 2012; Horton et al., 2017). In particular agroecosystems are coming into focus as a major entry point for microplastics in continental systems (Nizzetto et al., 2016b), where contamination might occur via different sources as sludge amendment or plastic mulching (Steinmetz et al., 2016). Given the central role of agroecosystem…

Influencia de los galactooligosacáridos sobre la biodisponibilidad y fermentación colónica de esteroles

2021

El enriquecimiento de alimentos con esteroles vegetales (EV) es una práctica común en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales orientados a reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares debido a su conocido efecto hipocolesterolemiante. Las bebidas a base de zumo de frutas y leche son una matriz idónea para el enriquecimiento con estos compuestos bioactivos debido a su perfil nutricional saludable. Además, su efectividad se ha demostrado en poblaciones diana como mujeres postmenopáusicas con hipercolesterolemia moderada (población de interés al presentar un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular). La adición de galactooligosacáridos (GOS) a estas bebidas podría mejorar su funcionalida…