Search results for "Biota"
showing 10 items of 679 documents
Including the soil microbiota in the quality evaluation of soils vulnerable to desertification
2021
The soil microbiota is recognized as key player in both diversity and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and it is mandatory to include its role in soil quality evaluation. Drivers of below-ground diversity are still largely unknown and is still unclear if the main soil features (i.e. soil organic matter, nutrient and water availability) are potential drivers of microbial diversity or are regulated by it. Increasingly negative effects of climate change due to drought and extreme weather phenomena are causing Mediterranean soil degradation that rapidly degenerates to desertification. Within the LIFE Desert-Adapt project we investigated bacterial diversity in soils of southern Europe unde…
Taxonomical and Functional Assessment of the Endometrial Microbiota in A Context of Recurrent Reproductive Failure: A Case Report
2019
Investigation of the microbial community in the female reproductive tract has revealed that the replacement of a community dominated by Lactobacillus with pathogenic bacteria may be associated with implantation failure or early spontaneous abortion in patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. Herein we describe taxonomically and functionally the endometrial microbiome of an infertile patient with repeated reproductive failures (involving an ectopic pregnancy and two clinical miscarriages). The microbiological follow-up is presented over 18-month in which the microbiota was evaluated in six endometrial fluid samples. The microbial profile of 16S rRNA gene sequenci…
Influencia de la fermentación colónica en los esteroles de la dieta
2018
La adición de esteroles vegetales (EV) está permitida a varios alimentos por su efecto hipocolesterolemiante, con el fin de “mantener normales los niveles de colesterol sanguíneo” y “prevención de patologías cardiovasculares”. Los EV presentan una baja absorción (2-3%), mientras que los del colesterol oscilan entre el 30 y el 60%. Los esteroles no absorbidos llegan al colon y son transformados por la microbiota. Es conocida la biotransformación microbiana del colesterol a coprostanol y en menor medida a coprostanona y colestanol. Los EV también son metabolizados por la microbiota a fitostanonas, fitostenonas y fitostanoles. El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es evaluar la influencia …
Microbial communities in full-scale woodchip bioreactors treating aquaculture effluents.
2021
Woodchip bioreactors are being successfully applied to remove nitrate from commercial land-based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) effluents. In order to understand and optimize the overall function of these bioreactors, knowledge on the microbial communities, especially on the microbes with potential for production or mitigation of harmful substances (e.g. hydrogen sulfide; H2S) is needed. In this study, we quantified and characterized bacterial and fungal communities, including potential H2S producers and consumers, using qPCR and high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. We took water samples from bioreactors and their inlet and outlet, and sampled biofilms growing on woodchips a…
Aknu steatozes riska faktoru un fēču mikrobioma saistības izvērtējums pacientiem ar neinsulīnatkarīgu cukura diabētu
2018
Aktualitāte.Aptuveni divām trešdaļām 2TDM pacientu ir NTAS. 2TDM ir riska faktors tam, lai NTAS attīstītos par steatohepatītu, aknu fibrozi un cirozi. NTAS progresija ir biežāka pacientiem ar augstāku ĶMI, VA un TG līmeni. Ir noteikts, ka šajā pacientu grupā daži zarnu mikrobiāta metagenomiskie modeļi var kalpot par aknu iekaisuma radītājiem. Uzlabotas mikrobiomu analīzes metodes un dziļāka izpratne par sakarībām starp disbiozi un tās ietekmi uz kuņģa-aknu asi var uzlabot NTAS diagnostiku un ārstēšanu. Mērķi.Analizēt sakarību starp fēču mikrobiomu un ALAT līmeni, triglicerīdu līmeni, ĶMI un VA 2TDM pacientiem. Materiāli un metodes.Dati tika iegūti retrospektīvi par 2TDM pacientiem, kuriem t…
Parasitación intestinal por unicelulares eucariotas en una población con obesidad mórbida: implicaciones clínico-metabólicas
2022
La obesidad es una enfermedad grave y multidimensional que, en la actualidad, ha alcanzado dimensiones pandémicas. Muchos son los mecanismos fisiopatológicos propuestos para intentar explicar el marcado aumento de su incidencia, y que se han orientado a hallar nuevas dianas terapéuticas con las que combatirla. Clásicamente se han señalado los factores ambientales propios del estilo de vida occidental (como la alimentación hipercalórica y el sedentarismo) como relevantes en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad; sin embargo, nuevas evidencias apuntan hacia que también podrían jugar un papel importante elementos infecciosos del medio, con repercusiones tanto perjudiciales como protectoras sobre el…
A systematic review on omics data (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics) in the role of microbiome in gallbladder disease
2022
Microbiotas are the range of microorganisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) colonizing multicellular, macroscopic organisms. They are crucial for several metabolic functions affecting the health of the host. However, difficulties hamper the investigation of microbiota composition in cultivating microorganisms in standard growth media. For this reason, our knowledge of microbiota can benefit from the analysis of microbial macromolecules (DNA, transcripts, proteins, or by-products) present in various samples collected from the host. Various omics technologies are used to obtain different data. Metagenomics provides a taxonomical profile of the sample. It can also be used to obtain potential funct…
IBD, malignancy and oral microbiota: Analysis of the literature
2016
The human microbiota, in adults, varies in number and species based on the location in the gastrointestinal tract. The highest concentration is at the intestinal level, where mainly Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and proteobacteria are found. Instead, in the oral cavity, five major phyla exists. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. Variations in the microbiota cause bysbiosis, which is responsible to a great extent for the onset of many diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). In some cases (8-10%) IBD has shown oral manifestations that may reflect a change in the composition of the oral microbiota. Th…
The influence of some dietary components on intestinal microbiota
2016
The gut microbiota is the set of symbiotic microorganisms that resides in our intestine. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system can be altered as a result of shifts in the composition or metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora. Recent studies establish that diet is one of the main involved factors in determining the microbial composition of the gut suggesting its role as external factor able to promote the onset of specific diseases by disrupting the immune homeostasis. Starting from the evidence that the 57% of the gut microbiota’s entire variation are due to dietary alterations this review aims at providing an overview of the positive impact of so…