Search results for "Biotechnology"
showing 10 items of 5678 documents
Induction of body weight loss through RNAi-knockdown of APOBEC1 gene expression in transgenic rabbits
2014
In the search of new strategies to fight against obesity, we targeted a gene pathway involved in energy uptake. We have thus investigated the APOB mRNA editing protein (APOBEC1) gene pathway that is involved in fat absorption in the intestine. The APOB gene encodes two proteins, APOB100 and APOB48, via the editing of a single nucleotide in the APOB mRNA by the APOBEC1 enzyme. The APOB48 protein is mandatory for the synthesis of chylomicrons by intestinal cells to transport dietary lipids and cholesterol. We produced transgenic rabbits expressing permanently and ubiquitously a small hairpin RNA targeting the rabbit APOBEC1 mRNA. These rabbits exhibited a moderately but significantly reduced …
Improvement of partition coefficients determination of aroma compounds in food matrices by the phase ratio variation method
2011
The Phase Ratio Variation (PRV) method is a very valuable method commonly used for liquid/vapor partition coefficients data acquisition of aroma compounds. Nevertheless, some limits are linked to this method, especially for volatile compounds. A careful examination of the PRV equation leads us to propose the following expression: 1/Cvap-real =(nliq/n0) x 1/Cvap-ideal = (nliq/n0) x (1/KC0 + (1/Co) b), We performed an examination for two cases of K values (K1=0.001 and K2=0.05), putting forward that a carefully choice of b range values is crucial for reliability of the regression calculation 1/A versus b.
Amphoteric, prevailingly cationic L-arginine polymers of poly(amidoamino acid) structure: Synthesis, acid/base properties and preliminary cytocompati…
2013
A linear amphoteric poly(amidoamino acid), L-ARGO7, is prepared by Michael-type polyaddition of L-arginine with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide. Chain-extension of acrylamide end-capped L-ARGO7 oligomers with piperazine leads to high-molecular-weight copolymers in which L-arginine maintains its absolute configuration. Acid/base properties of L-ARGO7 polymers show isolectric points of ≈10 and positive net average charges per repeating unit at pH = 7.4 from 0.25 to 0.40. These arginine-rich synthetic polymers possibly share some of the unique biological properties of polyarginine cell-permeating peptides. In vitro tests with mouse embryo fibroblasts balb/3T3 clone A31 show that L-ARGO7 polymers a…
Regulatory networks underlying mycorrhizal development delineated by genome-wide expression profiling and functional analysis of the transcription fa…
2017
Background: Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi develop a mutualistic symbiotic interaction with the roots of their host plants. During this process, they undergo a series of developmental transitions from the running hyphae in the rhizosphere to the coenocytic hyphae forming finger-like structures within the root apoplastic space. These transitions, which involve profound, symbiosis-associated metabolic changes, also entail a substantial transcriptome reprogramming with coordinated waves of differentially expressed genes. To date, little is known about the key transcriptional regulators driving these changes, and the aim of the present study was to delineate and functionally characterize the trans…
Freeze dried pomegranate juices of Moroccan fruits: main representative phenolic compounds.
2022
The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an ancient perennial plant species of the Punicaceae family. Its seeds are consumed as food or as juice. Previous studies have noted that pomegranate juice encompasses many active compounds with beneficial effects. The main goals of this work were to study the phenolic components of freeze-dried and reconstituted pomegranate juices obtained from 13 pomegranate genotypes growing in Morocco.We analyzed several pomegranate juices using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine phenolic compounds. Twenty-seven bio-phenols, belonging to four different classes (phenolic acids, hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, …
Influence of different dehydration levels on volatile profiles, phenolic contents and skin hardness of alkaline pre-treated grapes cv Muscat of Alexa…
2020
A dehydration experiment was carried out on Vitis vinifera L. cv Muscat of Alexandria (synonym Zibibbo) following the process for the production of renowned special dessert wines produced on Pantelleria island (Sicily, Italy). Harvested berries were pre-treated in a sodium hydroxide dipping solution (45 g/L, dipped for 185 s, 25 °
Physico-chemical characterisation of a non-conventional food protein source from earthworms and sensory impact in arepas
2009
International audience; This study aimed to characterise a non-conventional protein source: a powder made from earthworms, and to evaluate its potential use as human food. The way it was prepared led to low solubility and wide particle size distribution. Sensory analysis was used to assess the acceptability and the organoleptic properties of maize-based pan-cakes fortified with this novel protein powder. Satisfying products were obtained with a substitution level of 5.5% (w/w) earthworm powder in pan-cakes. GC-MS allowed the identification of more than seventy volatile compounds that may be responsible for the off-odour of the powder. The most abundant chemical groups found in the volatile …
Challenges Associated with Byproducts Valorization—Comparison Study of Safety Parameters of Ultrasonicated and Fermented Plant-Based Byproducts
2020
In order to promote the efficient use of byproducts from the production of plant-based beverages, which still contain a large amount of nutritional and functional compounds, microbiological and chemical safety characteristics should be evaluated and, if needed, improved. Many challenges are associated with byproducts valorization, and the most important ones, which should be taken into account at the further steps of valorization, are biological and chemical safety. For safety improving, several technological treatments (biological, physical etc.) can be used. In this study, the influence of low-frequency ultrasonication (US) and fermentation with Lactobacillus casei LUHS210 strain, as phys…
Motherhood‐induced gene expression in the mouse medial amygdala: Changes induced by pregnancy and lactation but not by pup stimuli
2021
During lactation, adult female mice display aggressive responses toward male intrud-ers, triggered by male- derived chemosensory signals. This aggressive behavior is not shown by pup- sensitized virgin females sharing pup care with dams. The genetic mechanisms underlying the switch from attraction to aggression are unknown. In this work, we investigate the differential gene expression in lactating females ex-pressing maternal aggression compared to pup- sensitized virgin females in the me-dial amygdala (Me), a key neural structure integrating chemosensory and hormonal information. The results showed 197 genes upregulated in dams, including genes encoding hormones such as prolactin, growth h…
Extraction Methods of Essential Oils From Herbs and Spices
2017
International audience; This chapter describes both conventional and non‐conventional extraction methods of essential oils (EOs) from herbs and spices. Although hydrodistillation, steam distillation and solvent extraction are the most applied methods, several non‐conventional technologies have been evaluated, especially in respect to EO recovery, and a great potential has been attributed to these non‐conventional methods. For instance, ultrasound, microwave, supercritical fluid, pulsed electric fields, ohmic‐heating and microwave (MW) extraction techniques applied alone or combined with other techniques are potent tools to obtain EOs in a 'green' way from natural resources such as aromatic …