Search results for "Birth"

2018

Summary Background Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based t…

2018

Summary Background Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods …

Is season of birth associated with multiple sclerosis?

2000

Objective - To compare the monthly distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients' births with that of the Sicilian population. Background -Studies on the association between season of birth and risk of MS are scanty and controversial. Design and methods - Archives of the Institute of Neuropsychiatry of the Universities of Palermo and Catania were searched up to 1995 for definite MS patients (McDonald & Halliday criteria). The monthly distribution of MS patients' births (N=965) was compared with that of the Sicilian population (N = 5,608,307). Results -The distribution of births among MS patients compared with the general population was not different when tested by the X 2 statistic (P > …

Multiple pregnancies and environmental exposure: An impact of air pollution on fetal growth?

2018

Introduction Multiple pregnancies display all the complications of singletons, but in highest frequencies, especially for fetal growth abnormalities. In singletons, air pollution seems to be negatively associated with fetal growth. A similar relationship in multiple pregnancies can be expected. However, multiple pregnancies are systematically excluded from the studies of the impact of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to analyze in a population of multiple pregnancies the relationship between fetal growth restriction (FGR), small for gestational age (SGA) and environmental chronic exposure to air pollution in moderately polluted cities. Methods All the multiple pregnancie…

Manejo del parto, puerperio y lactancia en mujeres positivas por SARS-CoV-2. Estudio multicéntrico en la Comunidad Valenciana

2021

Objetivo: Determinar las repercusiones maternas y perinatales de las gestantes con reacciónen cadena de la polimerasa positiva para SARS-CoV-2 durante el parto y el puerperio clínico.Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo y multicéntrico realizado mediantela revisión de historias clínicas de las gestantes ingresadas por parto desde el 1 de marzo hastael 30 de junio de 2020.Resultados: Se analizaron 13 mujeres con reacción en cadena de la polimerasa positiva a SARS-CoV-2. La prevalencia de casos positivos fue del 0,48% sobre el total de partos atendidos en elperiodo de estudio. Ninguna de las madres desarrolló complicaciones derivadas de la infecciónpor COVID-19 ni necesitó…

Expectativas de parto de las gestantes de La Ribera: una aproximación cualitativa

2017

Objetivo: El cambio de modelo asistencial en la atención al parto normal, el interés por parte de las autoridades sanitarias en que se exploren las expectativas de parto de las gestantes, y su especificidad cultural y social, hacen que el estudio de tales expectativas sea pertinente en este momento. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer cuáles son las expectativas de parto de una muestra de gestantes españolas y estudiar las diferencias entre las expectativas de las gestantes primíparas y multíparas. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo basado en una pregunta de respuesta libre sobre expectativas de parto. Se recogieron datos a gestantes de tercer trimestre del área de salud de La Ribera …

Transient hypothyroidism associated with prematurity, sepsis, and respiratory distress.

1979

Serial TSH and T4 determinations were performed in sixty neonates admitted to our hospital for neonatal intensive care within a period of three months. Seven patients (12%) showed transient hypothyroidism on the basis of low T4 and high TSH values. Only one of these patients, who had meconium aspiration and pneumonia, did not have the respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, 4 of these patients had sepsis. All of the patients were born before 37 gestational weeks and had birth weights under 2200 g. In addition, two patients of this gestational age and birth weight group had a progressive fall of T4 to extremely hypothyroid values without simultaneous elevation of TSH. Two of the 5 patien…

Changes in Family Income around the Time of Birth of Children in Germany between 1985 and 2004

2010

Während der Verlauf und die Ursachen des Geburtenverhaltens intensiv erforscht wurden, sind die finanziellen Folgen einer Geburt empirisch kaum beachtet worden. Daher werden hier kurzfristige Wohlstandsveränderungen von Familien (hinsichtlich verfügbarem Haushaltseinkommen und Äquivalenzeinkommen) rund um die Geburt eines Kindes in längsschnittlicher Perspektive analysiert und auf ihre Ursachen untersucht. Zu diesem Zweck wurden die Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (1984-2005) mittels Fixed-Effekt-Panelregressionsmodellen analysiert. Als Ergebnis kann festgehalten werden, dass die finanziellen Folgen einer Geburt in den letzten Jahren deutlich gewachsen sind und vor allem das erste Kind…

Bovine lactoferrin prevents invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial.

2011

Background: Lactoferrin is a mammalian milk glycoprotein involved in innate immunity. Recent data show that bovine lactoferrin (bLF) prevents late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial where preterm VLBW neonates randomly received bLF (100 mg/day; group A1), bLF + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (106 colony-forming units per day; group A2), or placebo (group B) for 6 weeks. Here we analyze the incidence rates of fungal colonization, invasive fungal infection (IFI), and rate of progression from colonization to infection in all groups. Results: This study included 472 neonates who…

Type of Delivery, Neuropsychological Development and Intelligence in Twin Births

2019

Based on a retrospective cohort design with six-year-old children born in twin births, the relationship between verbal, non-verbal, global neuropsychological development, general intelligence and type of delivery has been studied. To this end, the possible effect of third gestational, obstetric and neonatal variables, such as maternal age at delivery, fetal presentation, gestational age, newborn weight and Apgar at minute one, was controlled. The exposed cohort includes children born by cesarean section, and the unexposed cohort is composed of children born vaginally with or without induction. A total of 124 children were evaluated in their first year of primary school using the Child Neuro…