Search results for "Botulinum Toxin"
showing 10 items of 73 documents
Lateral pterygoid muscle dystonia. A new technique for treatment with botulinum toxin guided by electromyography and arthroscopy
2010
Lateral pterygoid muscle dystonia is characterized by mandibular displacement towards the opposite side of the affected muscle. It may be associated with functional disorders affecting speech, swallowing, chewing and facial symmetry. Injection with botulinum toxin is recognized as the most effective treatment. Locating the lower head of the lateral pterygoid muscle for the injection is not difficult using electromyographic guidance; however, location of the upper head is more complicated, even with electromyography. We report a case of lateral pterygoid muscle dystonia in which precise injection of the upper head was achieved with the aid of arthroscopy.
SNAP-25a and -25b isoforms are both expressed in insulin-secreting cells and can function in insulin secretion
1999
The tSNARE (the target-membrane soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor, where NSF is N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein) synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is expressed in pancreatic B-cells and its cleavage by botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT/E) abolishes stimulated secretion of insulin. In the nervous system, two SNAP-25 isoforms (a and b) have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. Here it is shown, using reverse transcriptase PCR, that messages for both SNAP-25 isoforms are expressed in primary pancreatic B and non-B cells as well as in insulin-secreting cell lines. After transfection, both isoforms can be detected at the plasma membrane as well a…
Botulinum Toxin Injection Plus Topical Diltiazem for Chronic Anal Fissure: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial and Long-term Outcome.
2021
BACKGROUND: Chemical sphincterotomy avoids the risk of permanent incontinence in the treatment of chronic anal fissure, but it does not reach the efficacy of surgery and recurrence is high. Drug combination has been proposed to overcome these drawbacks.; OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the clinical, morphological, and functional effects of combined therapy with botulinum toxin injection and topical diltiazem in chronic anal fissure and to assess the long-term outcome after healing.; DESIGN: This is a randomized, controlled, double-blind, 2-arm, parallel-group trial with a long-term follow-up.; SETTINGS: This study was conducted at a tertiary care center.; PATIENTS: A total of 70 cons…
Gabapentin in the treatment of hemifacial spasm
2001
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin in the treatment of hemifacial spasm. Material and methods Twenty-three patients with hemifacial spasm not suitable for surgery or therapy with botulinum toxin were treated with gabapentin. The main efficacy parameter was the percentage of spasm reduction. Results A clinically significant reduction of spasms was obtained by 16 patients. Conclusion Gabapentin was effective and safe in reducing hemifacial spasm in 16 out 23 (69.6%) patients.
Altered functional connectivity in blepharospasm/orofacial dystonia
2017
Abstract Introduction Blepharospasm is characterized by involuntary eyelid spasms. It can be associated with perioral dystonia (Meige's syndrome or orofacial dystonia). We aimed at studying resting‐state functional brain connectivity in these patients and its potential modulation by therapeutic botulinum toxin injections. Methods We performed resting‐state functional MRI and a region of interest‐based analysis of functional connectivity in 13 patients with blepharospasm/Meige's syndrome in comparison to 13 healthy controls. Patients were studied before and 4 weeks after botulinum toxin treatment. Simultaneous facial electromyography was applied to control for involuntary facial movements. R…
Amylase release from streptolysin O-permeabilized pancreatic acinar cells. Effects of Ca2+, guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, cyclic AMP, tetanu…
1992
The molecular requirements for amylase release and the intracellular effects of botulinum A toxin and tetanus toxin on amylase release were investigated using rat pancreatic acinar cells permeabilized with streptolysin O. Micromolar concentrations of free Ca2+ evoked amylase release from these cells. Maximal release was observed in the presence of 30 microM free Ca2+. Ca(2+)-stimulated, but not basal, amylase release was enhanced by guanosine 5′-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) (3-4 fold) or cyclic AMP (1.5-2 fold). Neither the two-chain forms of botulinum A toxin and tetanus toxin, under reducing conditions, nor the light chains of tetanus toxin, inhibited amylase release triggered by Ca2…
Pregabalin as add-on treatment to botulinum toxin in idiopathic hemifacial spasm
2007
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is the medical therapy of choice in hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, in some patients, its therapeutic effect is insufficient. ### Patient 1. A 64-year-old man with a 10-year history of left-sided HFS was treated with BTX over a period of 6 years with good results. However, in the last 2 years the spasms were never sufficiently relieved by BTX. The patient felt significantly impaired, but declined to undergo neurosurgical intervention. The EDB test showed a decrease in the CMAP amplitude of 60%. Without changing the BTX regime, pregabalin (initially 75 mg/day increased every 5 days by 75 mg to 150 mg twice daily) was added for a 1-month trial period in the absence of a…
Long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin A for treatment of blepharospasm,hemifacial spasm, and spastic entropion: a multicentre study using two drug-do…
2009
PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term effectiveness and safety of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) treatment in patients with blepharospasm (BEB), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and entropion (EN) and to use for the first time two modified indexes, 'botulin toxin escalation index-U' (BEI-U) and 'botulin toxin escalation index percentage' (BEI-%), in the dose-escalation evaluation. METHODS: All patients in this multicentre study were followed for at least 10 years and main outcomes were clinical efficacy, duration of relief, BEI-U and BEI-%, and frequency of adverse events. RESULTS: BEB, HFS, and EN patients received a mean BoNT-A dose with a significant inter-group difference (P<0.0005, respectivel…
Effects of treatments for drooling on caries risk in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
2019
Background Neuromuscular impairment makes individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) more prone to drooling. Among the treatment options, there are procedures that interfere with saliva production. It is imperative to evaluate the effect of the different modalities since the reduction in salivary flow rate/production may exacerbate the risk of dental caries. Material and Methods The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different treatments for drooling on caries risk and salivary parameters in children and adolescents with CP. Study design A total of 142 children and adolescents with CP, aged 6 to 18 years, were assigned to groups based on the different treatments they had received for…
OnabotulinumtoxinA: how deep will it go?
2014
First-line treatment of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is based on conservative measures and oral medication such asmuscarinic receptor antagonists and, more recently, b3-adrenoceptor agonists.While this provides effective symptom relief for many patients, for others it has insufficient efficacy and/or intolerable side effects. The potent neurotoxin onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) has shown efficacy in placebo-controlled trials in patients with neurogenic voiding dysfunction or OAB [1], largely including patients exhibiting an insufficient treatment response to muscarinic antagonists. Although the role of a strong placebo component in the beneficial effects of oral treatment is well known, a…