Search results for "Brain Damage"

Cisternostomy: A Timely Intervention in Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries: Rationale, Indications, and Prospects.

2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major public health concern worldwide, with no significant change in its epidemiology over the last 30 years. After TBI, the primary injury induces irreversible brain damage, which is untreatable. The subsequent secondary injury plays a critical role in the clinical prognosis because without effective treatment it will provide additional tissue damage. The resulting scenario is the rise in intracranial pressure (ICP) with the development of progressive neurological deficits. Current optimal management is based on a progressive, target-driven approach combining both medical and surgical treatment strategies among which is decompressive hemicraniectom…

Short‐term e‐cigarette vapor exposure causes vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction ‐ evidence for a close connection to brain damage and a key ro…

2020

P-01MicroRNA PROFILING IDETIFY NEW REGULATORY GENES IN ETHANOL-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION AND BRAIN DAMAGE THROUGH TLR4 RECEPTORS

2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein coding RNA regulating the transcription and translation of other RNA and are involved in several diseases and disorders, including neurodegeneration. We aim to evaluate the impact of miRNAs in the regulation of ethanol-induced neuro-inflammation and brain damage and to assess the potential role of miRNAs …

Implications of irradiating the subventricular zone stem cell niche

2016

Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for brain tumor patients. However, it comes with side effects, such as neurological deficits. While likely multi-factorial, the effect may in part be associated with the impact of radiation on the neurogenic niches. In the adult mammalian brain, the neurogenic niches are localized in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where the neural stem cells (NSCs) reside. Several reports showed that radiation produces a drastic decrease in the proliferative capacity of these regions, which is related to functional decline. In particular, radiation to the SVZ led to a reduced long-term olfactory memo…

Long-Term Brain Disorders in Post Covid-19 Neurological Syndrome (PCNS) Patient

2021

In the recent pandemic disease, called COVID-19, the role of neurologists and neurobiologists represents a chance to study key features of brain infection and deepen neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections. In fact, many studies suggest brain damage during infection and persistent neurological symptoms after COVID-19 infection. Reverse transcription PCR test, antibody tests, Computed Tomography (CT) of the lung, and Magnetic Resonance (MR) of the brain of the patient were periodically performed during this case report for eight months after infection. The aim of this article is to describe the prolonged neurological clinical consequences related to COVID-19.…

Neuronavigation-guided biopsy for differential diagnosis of pseudotumoral demyelinating brain lesions

2014

Abstract Marburg's disease (MD) is an extremely rare and aggressive form of multiple sclerosis (MS). In some cases, MD presents with tumefactive demyelinating lesions with a “tumor-like” appearance in MRI images, for which it may be difficult to achieve a form of differential diagnosis between definitive tumors or abscesses. Here we report a case of MD histopathologically confirmed after neuronavigationguided biopsy. Postoperative course was uneventful and following discharge, the patient attended outpatient follow-up appointments and received i.v. cyclophopsphamide, achieving progressive clinical remission. A nine-month follow-up brain MRI scan with gadolinium showed no signs of progressin…

2013

Cortical function is impaired in various disorders of the central nervous system including Alzheimer’s disease, autism and schizophrenia. Some of these disorders are speculated to be associated with insults in early brain development. Pericytes have been shown to regulate neurovascular integrity in development, health and disease. Hence, precisely controlled mechanisms must have evolved in evolution to operate pericyte proliferation, repair and cell fate within the neurovascular unit (NVU). It is well established that pericyte deficiency leads to NVU injury resulting in cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in cortical layers. However, little is known about the role of pericytes in pathop…

Secondary Growth of a Primary Brain Tissue Necrosis from a Focal Lesion

1994

Traumatic brain injury is associated with the development of secondary brain damage, such as brain edema, intracranial hypertension, and cerebral ischemia [1]. A novel aspect is that a primary necrosis of brain parenchyma evolving from a focal cerebral insult may be subjected to secondary growth. Experiments utilizing different methods of brain injury have consistently confirmed an increase in size of the resulting tissue necrosis within 24 h, amounting to 50% in rats [3, 7, 10] and even 300% in rabbits [11]. It is not clear yet, however, whether the phenomenon reflects a delayed but irreversible primary process which is resistant to treatment or a manifestation of secondary brain damage, t…

The Blood–Brain Barrier as a Target in Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment

2014

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most frequent causes of death in the young population. Several clinical trials have unsuccessfully focused on direct neuroprotective therapies. Recently immunotherapeutic strategies shifted into focus of translational research in acute CNS diseases. Cross-talk between activated microglia and blood–brain barrier (BBB) could initiate opening of the BBB and subsequent recruitment of systemic immune cells and mediators into the brain. Stabilization of the BBB after TBI could be a promising strategy to limit neuronal inflammation, secondary brain damage and acute neurodegeneration. This review provides an overview on the pathophysiology of TBI and brain…

Review: Neuroradiological aspects of infantile spasms

1987

With the modern noninvasive brain imaging methods, cerebral lesions of different types and degrees can frequently be determined in infants with West syndrome. In CT examinations preceding the spasms and the ACTH therapy, "idiopathic" forms of infantile spasms were rare. The CT findings consistent with perinatal or postnatal encephalopathy were more frequent than those found with embryonic or fetal lesions alone. The fact that pathognomonic changes cannot be determined, may reflect the low specificity of CT diagnosis in infants with chronic CNS diseases. A slight and mostly transient enlargement of CSF spaces during ACTH therapy is a probable side-effect of the medication. In infants with pe…