Search results for "Brain cancer"

Involvement of Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Cancer

2021

Simple Summary Development and function of the mammalian brain clearly require precise regulation of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Thyroid hormones have been recognized to play a fundamental role in these processes, by acting at multiple levels and in different brain cell types, through direct effects on transcription, mediated by nuclear receptors, and also by triggering transduction pathways at the plasma membrane. At the same time, due to their effects on proliferation, differentiation, and cell metabolism, thyroid hormones may have a critical role in different kinds of cancer, including brain cancer. Abstract The development and maturation o…

Molecular Determinants of Malignant Brain Cancers: From Intracellular Alterations to Invasion Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles

2017

Malignant glioma cells invade the surrounding brain parenchyma, by migrating along the blood vessels, thus promoting cancer growth. The biological bases of these activities are grounded in profound alterations of the metabolism and the structural organization of the cells, which consequently acquire the ability to modify the surrounding microenvironment, by altering the extracellular matrix and affecting the properties of the other cells present in the brain, such as normal glial-, endothelial- and immune-cells. Most of the effects on the surrounding environment are probably exerted through the release of a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain many different classes of mol…

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Neurological Complications of Radiotherapy

2019

Radiotherapy is a highly effective tool for the treatment of brain cancer. However, radiation also causes detrimental effects in the healthy tissue, leading to neurocognitive sequelae that compromise the quality of life of brain cancer patients. Despite the recognition of this serious complication, no satisfactory solutions exist at present. Here we investigated the effects of intranasal administration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a neuroprotective strategy for cranial radiation in mice. Our results demonstrated that intranasally delivered hMSCs promote radiation-induced brain injury repair, improving neurological function. This intervention confers protection against inflamma…

The effect of exposure to radiofrequency fields on cancer risk in the general and working population: A protocol for a systematic review of human obs…

2021

Highlights • RF-EMF was classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans (2B) in May 2011 • A systematic review of all subject-relevant epidemiological studies is now needed. • A detailed protocol ensures the review's transparency, utility and credibility. • Original study validity will be evaluated with a customized OHAT risk of bias tool. • Internal coherence and external plausibility will inform conclusions.

GTVcut for neuro-radiosurgery treatment planning: an MRI brain cancer seeded image segmentation method based on a cellular automata model

2018

Despite of the development of advanced segmentation techniques, achieving accurate and reproducible gross tumor volume (GTV) segmentation results is still an important challenge in neuro-radiosurgery. Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most prominent modality in radiation therapy for soft-tissue anatomical districts. Gamma Knife stereotactic neuro-radiosurgery is a minimally invasive technology for dealing with inaccessible or insufficiently treated tumors with traditional surgery or radiotherapy. During a treatment planning phase, the GTV is generally contoured by experienced neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists using fully manual segmentation procedures on MR images. Unf…

Nonparticipation Selection Bias in the MOBI-Kids Study.

2018

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Extracellular Membrane Vesicles as Vehicles for Brain Cell-to-Cell Interactions in Physiological as well as Pathological Conditions.

2015

Extracellular vesicles are involved in a great variety of physiological events occurring in the nervous system, such as cross talk among neurons and glial cells in synapse development and function, integrated neuronal plasticity, neuronal-glial metabolic exchanges, and synthesis and dynamic renewal of myelin. Many of these EV-mediated processes depend on the exchange of proteins, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, which occurs among glial and neuronal cells. In addition, production and exchange of EVs can be modified under pathological conditions, such as brain cancer and neurodegeneration. Like other cancer cells, brain tumours can use EVs to secrete factors, which allow escaping…

The Role of Medicinal Mushrooms in Brain Cancer Therapies: Review.

2021

Medicinal mushrooms are considered an unlimited source of polysaccharides (mainly β-glucans) and polysaccharide-protein complexes and possess various immunological and anticancer properties. In addition, their use in integrative medicine leads to a clear reduction of side effects in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The literature reports a number of beneficial effects of using mushrooms as health supplements in patients affected by high-grade glioma. The effects of medicinal mushrooms on side effects in patients with brain cancer and a case study report are also described in this review.

RE: "RADIO-FREQUENCY RADIATION EXPOSURE FROM AM RADIO TRANSMITTERS AND CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA AND BRAIN CANCER"

2008

CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSFORMED CELL LINES OBTAINED FROM PRIMARY RAT CORTICAL ASTROCYTES

2021

Brain cancers are complex and heterogeneous; most of them derive from glial cells[1], and are called gliomas, further subdivided into astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas and glioastrocytomas[2]. The malignant cells undergo modifications of their metabolism and behaviour, and acquire the ability to migrate along the blood vessels in small groups (model of the guerrilla war)[3], thus invading the surrounding brain parenchyma. Most important, they have the capacity to affect the surrounding microenvironment, by altering both the extracellular matrix and the properties of the normal cells present in the brain, including glial-, endothelial-, and immune-cells, further promoting cancer …