Search results for "Brain"
showing 10 items of 3997 documents
Studies of selective TNF inhibitors in the treatment of brain injury from stroke and trauma: a review of the evidence to date
2014
Antonino Tuttolomondo, Rosaria Pecoraro, Antonio Pinto Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Abstract: The brain is very actively involved in immune-inflammatory processes, and the response to several trigger factors such as trauma, hemorrhage, or ischemia causes the release of active inflammatory substances such as cytokines, which are the basis of second-level damage. During brain ischemia and after brain trauma, the intrinsic inflammatory mechanisms of the brain, as well as those of the blood, are mediated by leukocytes that communicate with each other through cytokines. A neuroinflammatory cascade has been reported to be activ…
Chirurgia trans-cranica mediante ultrasuoni focalizzati ad alta intensità su guida RM: esperienza preliminare a 1,5T
2015
Da qualche anno la chirurgia mediante ultrasuoni focalizzati ad alta intensità guidati da Risonanza Magnetica (Magnetic Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery, MRgFUS) si sta diffondendo anche in Italia per la palliazione del dolore da metastasi ossee, per il trattamento di tumori ossei primitivi (benigni e non), dei fibromi e dell’adenomiosi uterina; sono già stati inoltre pubblicati i risultati preliminari del trattamento di alcuni tumori epatici, pancreatici, prostatici e della mammella mediante MRgFUS. Questa innovativa tecnica prevede l’utilizzo di un’apparecchiatura di Risonanza Magnetica per il monitoraggio della procedura e sfrutta le caratteristiche fisico- meccaniche degli …
Chaperons moleculae in brain tumors-CHAMOBRAT TRIAL: HSP60 and microRNAs related levels in tissue and circulating exosomes in human brain tumors befo…
Current regimen for high-grade gliomas is maximal safe surgical resection followed by external beam radiotherapy with concurrent temozolamide. Maximal tumor resection, however, must be balanced with preservation of the patient’s neurological function. A crucial prognostic factor in oncological neurosurgery is the extent of resection. Several studies have addressed the importance of extent of resection in gliomas surgery. Despite development in the fields of pre operative and intraoperative neuroimaging and neuromonitoring have ameliorated the survival rate and the quality of life for patients affected by high grade gliomas, the clinical outcome of patients with such gliomas remains extremel…
Neuroprotective properties of xenon and helium in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury: one small step or one big jump?
2008
The role of erythropoietin in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: from bench to bed side.
2013
ROLE OF ENDOVASCULAR EMBOLIZATION IN THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY MANAGEMENT OF RUPTURED BRAIN ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS
2022
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are congenital defects of vasculogenesis, the natural history of which is characterized by a significant morbidity and mortality related to the risk of bleeding. Their management remains challenging, since complete eradication is often difficult. Embolization, surgery, or radiosurgery alone are safe and effective for small unruptured AVMs, while a multidisciplinary approach should be pursued for larger ones. We report a case of intracerebral haemorrhage due to the rupture of a large bAVM, for which a multidisciplinary approach was adopted: endovascular partial embolization followed by complete surgical removal.
DCE and DSC perfusion MRI acquisition: diagnostic accuracy during the follow-up of the primary and metastatic intra-axial brain tumors treated by Ste…
Distinguishing radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence and tumor progression is crucial for the evaluation of treatment response and treatment planning. The appearance of treatment-induced tissue necrosis on conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are very similar to brain tumor recurrence and it could be difficult to differentiate the two entities during the follow-up MRI examinations. Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-enhanced (DSC) and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) are the MRI perfusion techniques using an exogenous, intravascular, no diffusible gadolinium-based contrast agent. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of DSC and DCE perfusion MRI in the differen…
MRI Characterization of non-Gaussian water diffusion in the brain using Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI)
2016
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the most commonly used technique to extract microstructural features from a set of diffusion-weighted images. In addition to the metrics obtained with DTI, diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) can provide non-Gaussian diffusion measures by means of the kurtosis tensor. DKI give an dimensionless measure that quantifies the deviation of the water diffusion displacement profile from the Gaussian distribution of unrestricted diffusion, providing a measure of the degree of diffusion hindrance or restriction. DKI has shown to be more sensitive to tissue microstructural changes in both normal and pathological neural tissue. The aim of this work is the description of t…
Functional connectivity modulation induced by transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor network: a Resting-State fMRI study
2016
Resting-state functional connectivity represents a novel fMRI approach that allows detection of temporal correlations in spontaneous BOLD signal oscillations while subjects rest quietly in the scanner. Functional connectivity (FC) can be defined as the synchrony of neural activity among spatially distant regions. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that is known to modulate cortical activity and FC among brain regions. This study is aimed at measuring the variation of functional connectivity between cortical brain regions after tDCS along time. The temporal concatenation group ICA showed that immediately after anodal stimulation the a…