Search results for "Brain"

Hipertensión endocraneal asociada a la sedación con sevoflurano mediante el dispositivo AnaConDa®en un paciente con traumatismo craneoencefálico seve…

2013

Sedation in neurocritical patients remains a challenge as there is no drug that meets all the requirements. Since the appearance of the AnaConDa® device, and according to the latest recommendations, sevoflurane has become an alternative for patients with brain injury. The use of AnaConDa® produces an increase in the anatomical dead space that leads to a decrease in alveolar ventilation. If the decrease in the alveolar ventilation is not offset by an increase in minute volume, there will be an increase in PaCO2. We report the case of a patient with severe traumatic brain injury who suffered an increase in intracranial pressure as a result of increased PaCO2 after starting sedation with the A…

Endogenous Agents That Contribute to Generate or Prevent Ischemic Damage

2012

From single to multicellular organisms, protective mechanisms have evolved against endogenous and exogenous noxious stimuli. Over the past decades numerous signaling pathways by which the brain senses and reacts to such insults as neurotoxins, substrate deprivation and inflammation have been discovered. Research on preconditioning is aimed at understanding endogenous neuroprotection to boost it or to supplement its effectors therapeutically once damage to the brain has occurred, such as after stroke or brain trauma. Another goal of establishing preconditioning protocols is to induce endogenous neuroprotection in anticipation of incipient brain damage. Currently several endogenous neuroprote…

Natriuretic peptide system: physiology and clinical utility

2004

This review discusses the physiology of natriuretic peptides as a group and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in more detail. It will also highlight implications for the use of the natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease.The heart secretes two major natriuretic peptides: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is synthesized in the atrial myocardium, and BNP, which is synthesized in the ventricular myocardium. Both ANP and BNP are released in response to atrial and ventricular stretch, respectively, and will cause balanced vasodilation, natriuresis, and inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. …

Establishing standards for neuronavigated TMS in research and clinical studies

2016

Évaluation neuro-éthologique du comportement alimentaire olfacto-guidé du lapin nouveau-né

2012

Le document qui a justifié la délivrance du diplôme est en cours de traitement par la bibliothèque de l'établissement de soutenance.; L'olfaction est une sensorialité essentielle aux mammifères, dès les stades les plus précoces du développement. Ainsi, chez le lapin européen (Oryctolagus cuniculus), les nouveau-nés interagissent avec la mère et s'orientent vers ses tétines suite à la perception de signaux odorants appris périnatalement, ou d'au-moins un signal à l'action prédisposée, la phéromone mammaire (PM; molécule contenue dans le lait de lapine). La PM est très fortement réactogène au cours des 15 premiers jours postnatals, période d'alimentation lactée exclusive. Elle déclenche alors…

Pheromone-induced odor learning modifies Fos expression in the newborn rabbit brain.

2013

Research report; International audience; Associative learning contributes crucially to adjust the behavior of neonates to the permanently changing environment. In the European rabbit, the mammary pheromone (MP) excreted in milk triggers sucking behavior in newborns, and additionally promotes very rapid learning of initially neutral odor cues. Such stimuli become then as active as the MP itself to elicit the orocephalic motor responses involved in suckling. In this context, the rabbit is an interesting model to address the question of brain circuits early engaged by learning and memory. Here, we evaluated the brain activation (olfactory bulb and central regions) induced in 4-day-old pups by …

Prenatal exposure to cannabinoids evokes long-lasting functional alterations by targeting CB 1 receptors on developing cortical neurons

2015

The CB1 cannabinoid receptor, the main target of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most prominent psychoactive compound of marijuana, plays a crucial regulatory role in brain development as evidenced by the neurodevelopmental consequences of its manipulation in animal models. Likewise, recreational cannabis use during pregnancy affects brain structure and function of the progeny. However, the precise neurobiological substrates underlying the consequences of prenatal THC exposure remain unknown. As CB1 signaling is known to modulate long-range corticofugal connectivity, we analyzed the impact of THC exposure on cortical projection neuron development. THC administration to pregnant mice in…

Out of time? - Music, consciousness states and neuropharmacological mechanisms of an altered temporality

2009

Drug-induced altered temporality is a well-known effect of cannabis action that is utilised from musicians and music listeners for music appreciation since the early days of jazz. Cannabis has an influence on timing processes at short time scales of hundreds of milliseconds as O’Leary et al (2003) have shown in their tapping studies, proving evidence of an altered cerebellar functioning. This paper will focus on cannabis and its action on timing and aims to discuss selected scientific streams of research on the neurophysiological and neuropharmacological base of timing mechanisms in terms of an social pharmacology of music (Fachner, 2009). The mechanisms behind this altered temporality rema…

Role of biomarkers in monitoring antiblastic cardiotoxicity

2016

Early detection of anticancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity (CTX) has been evaluated by most international scientific cardiology and oncology societies. High expectations have been placed on the use of specific biomarkers. In recent years, conventional biomarkers and molecules of more recent interest have been tested and compared in the context of anticancer drug-related CTX. Encouraging results were obtained from studies on molecules of myocardial damage, such as troponin and markers of myocardial wall stress, including circulating natriuretic peptides, as well as from the assessment of the products of inflammation or circulating levels of free radicals. However, clear guidelines on their se…

Potential Roles of Peroxisomes in Alzheimer's Disease and in Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type

2012

In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), the role played by peroxisomes is not well known. Peroxisomes are present in all eukaryotic cells, with the exception of erythrocytes. They are involved in the β-oxidation process of long-chain fatty acids, very-long-chain fatty acids, and branched-chain fatty acids. They participate in the α-oxidation of phytanic acid, the biosynthesis of bile acids, and the breakdown of eicosanoids. Peroxisomes are also involved in the synthesis of specific fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is essential for the brain and retina, and plasmalogens (PLGN), which play crucial roles in neural cells and are essential com…