Search results for "Bronchi"
showing 10 items of 427 documents
Relationship status and respiratory diseases: an analysis on a general population sample
2021
Background: Very few studies have examined whether marital/relationship status affects respiratory diseases. Objective: Assess the association of relationship status (Rstatus: domestic partnership/civil union/marriage, cohabitation with non-partners, being single) with current (CA) and past asthma (PA), allergic (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR), and chronic bronchitis (CB). Methods: Data were collected in the frame of GEIRD, a population-based, multicase-control survey. Among 2531 subjects (age 21–86, female 50%) who underwent standardized interviews, skin prick and lung function tests, 575 cases of CA, 268 cases of PA, 968 cases of AR, 462 cases of NAR, 265 cases of CB without airflow …
Salbutamol Transport and Deposition in the Upper and Lower Airway with Different Devices in Cats: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach
2021
Simple Summary Administration of inhaled salbutamol via metered-dose inhalers can effectively treat bronchoconstriction. Different devices are used for the delivery of this drug in cats, either in the hospital or at home, for long-term treatment. Effective drug administration may depend on the drug delivery device as well as patient cooperation. By using non-invasive computational fluid dynamics techniques, the impact of these devices on the deposition and transport of salbutamol particles in the cat airways was simulated and assessed. The results confirm a variable drug distribution depending on the device used. The percentage of particles reaching the lung was reduced when using spacers a…
The Lung in Inflammatory Bowel Disease†
1993
Respiratory involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported mainly since 1976. This form of involvement should clearly be separated from interstitial lung disease due to sulfasalazine or mesalamine, although the distinction may be difficult in some cases. We report the data of an ongoing Registry containing 33 cases (23 cases receiving no drug therapy) with ulcerative colitis or, less often, Crohn's disease, who developed varied bronchopulmonary problems. In several cases, the exact diagnosis and the relation of the bronchopulmonary disease to IBD had not been established for many years, thus delaying effective treatment with steroids. In most cases (28/33), …
Isolating the climate change impacts on air pollution-related-pathologies over Europe – A modelling approach on cases and costs
2019
Air pollution has important implications on human health and associated external costs to society, and is closely related to climate change. This contribution tries to assess the impacts of present (1996–2015) and future (2071–2100 under RCP8.5) air pollution on several cardiovascular and respiratory pathologies and to estimate the difference in the costs associated to those health impacts on European population. For that, air quality data from the WRF-Chem regional chemistry/climate modelling system is used, together with some epidemiological information from the European Commission. The methodology considered relies on the EVA exposure-response functions and economic valuation…
Clinical Evolution and Quality of Life in Clinically Based COPD Chronic Bronchitic and Emphysematous Phenotypes: Results from the 1-Year Follow-Up of…
2021
Francesco Blasi, 1, 2 Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, 3 Giorgio Walter Canonica, 4 Pietro Schino, 5 Giuseppina Cuttitta, 6 Alessandro Zullo, 7 Alessandra Ori, 7 Nicola Scichilone 8 On behalf of STORICO study group 1Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy; 2Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy; 3University Biomedical Campus of Rome, Rome, 00128, Italy; 4Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy Clinic Humanitas University Humanitas research Hospital Rozzano, Rozzano (Milan), 20089, Italy; 5Miulli Hospital, Acquaviva …
Interferon alfa–induced sarcoidosis resolving without drug withdrawal
2016
Sarcoidosis is an uncommon systemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin affecting lung, skin, liver, and other tissues. Noncaseating granulomas in the involved organs are the hallmark of this disease. An exaggerated immune response to an unknown antigenic stimulus could play a role in sarcoidosis development. Lung is one of the most frequently involved organs.1 Manifestations range from alveolitis to granulomatous infiltration of alveoli, bronchi, and blood vessels. The end stage of lung sarcoidosis is development of interstitial fibrosis with “honeycombing” of lung parenchyma. Interferon alfa in association with ribavirin is the treatment of choice for hepatitis C. Early treatment of a…
The relaxant effects of cromakalim (BRL 34915) on human isolated airway smooth muscle
1992
Cromakalim (BRL 34915) is a potassium channel opener with therapeutic potential as a bronchodilator in asthma. Cromakalim (0.1–30 μmol/l) inhibited the spontaneous tone of human isolated bronchi n a concentration-related manner being nearly as effective as isoprenaline or theophylline. The order of relaxant potencies (expressed as -log10 IC50 mol/l; mean ±SEM) was isoprenaline (7.29 ± 0.27; n = 8) > cromakalim (5.89 ± 0.12; n = 7) > theophylline (4.07 ±0.13; n = 10). In human bronchi where tone had been raised by addition of histamine (0.1 mmol/l), acetylcholine (0.1 mmol/l) or leukotriene D4 (LTD4, 0.1 μmol/l), the relaxant effect of cromakalim was substantially reduced. Cromakalim suppres…
Effects of phorbol 12,13-diacetate on human isolated bronchus
2000
Protein kinase C appears to be involved in the regulation of airway contractility. Phorbol 12,13-diacetate (PDA; 0.01-10 microM), a protein kinase C activator, produced a transient relaxation followed by a sustained contraction of human isolated bronchus. Different protein kinase C inhibitors (calphostin C, staurosporine and 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine) (H-7), nifedipine (NIF; 1 microM) or incubation with Ca(2+)-free medium, inhibited the spasmogenic response to phorbol, while ouabain (10 microM) suppressed only the initial relaxation. These results indicate that the initial relaxation, in response to PDA, is related to the activation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, while the ensuin…
Effects of SCA40 on human isolated bronchus and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: comparison with rolipram, SKF94120 and levcromakalim
1996
1. SCA40 (0.1 nM-0.1 mM) produced concentration-dependent suppression of the spontaneous tone of human isolated bronchus (-log EC50 = 6.85 +/- 0.09; n = 10) and reached a maximal relaxation similar to that of theophylline (3 mM). The potency (-log EC50 values) of SCA40 compared to other relaxants was rolipram (7.44 +/- 0.12; n = 9) > SCA40 > or = levcromakalim (6.49 +/- 0.04; n = 6) > SKF94120 (5.87 +/- 0.10; n = 9). 2. When tested against the activity of the isoenzymes of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isolated from human bronchus, SCA40 proved highly potent against PDE III (-log IC50 = 6.47 +/- 0.16; n = 4). It was markedly less potent against PDE IV (4.82 +/- 0.18; n = 4) and …
Non-specific bronchial hyper-responsiveness in children with allergic rhinitis: relationship with the atopic status
2003
An increased prevalence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) has been demonstrated in children from a general population, and in non-asthmatic adults with allergic rhinitis. Thus, also children with allergic rhinitis are expected to be at higher risk of BHR. We evaluated the prevalence of BHR in a sample of non-asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis by means of the methacholine (Mch) bronchial challenge, and by monitorizing the airway patency using the daily peak expiratory flow variability (PEFv). Fifty-one children (ranged 6-15 years of age) with allergic rhinitis, ascertained by skin prick test to inhalant allergens, underwent a 14-day peak expiratory flow monitoring, and a Mch bro…