Search results for "Bulb"
showing 10 items of 179 documents
Essential Oils and Pure Volatile Compounds as Potential Drugs in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: An Updated Review of the Literature
2016
Background: The use of aromatic plants to relief different illness is not a new therapy. Actually aromatic plants have been used for many centuries by different cultures around the world. Pharmacological studies provide scientific support to the traditional use of aromatic medicinal plants and aromatherapy; nevertheless, more clinical trials are required regarding to their effectiveness in order to establish a guidance for their use in routine healthcare. Moreover, modern medicine in studies about olfactory function has attained great achievements and got Nobel Prize in 2004. These new searches have obviously fueled interest in the essential oils and volatile compounds of natural origin. Se…
Clinical application of adult olfactory bulb ensheathing glia for nervous system repair
2011
Abstract The ability of adult olfactory bulb ensheathing glia (OB-OEG) to promote histological and functional neural repair has been broadly documented. Pre-clinical studies show that beneficial effects of adult OB-OEG are repeatable in the same type of spinal cord injury initially tested, in other spinal cord and CNS injury models, in different species and after the administration of these cells in different forms (either alone or in combination with other cells, drugs, products or devices). These studies demonstrate the reproducibility, robustness, fundamental nature and relevance of the findings. Therefore, the use of adult OB-OEG for spinal cord injury repair meets the scientific criter…
Synaptogenesis in the mouse olfactory bulb during glomerulus development
2008
Synaptogenesis is essential for the development of neuronal networks in the brain. In the olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli, numerous synapses must form between sensory olfactory neurons and the dendrites of mitral/tufted and periglomerular cells. Glomeruli develop from E13 to E16 in the mouse, coincident with an increment of the neuropil in the border between the external plexiform (EPL) and olfactory nerve layers (ONL), coupled to an extensive labelling of phalloidin and GAP-43 from the ONL to EPL. We have tracked synaptogenesis in the OB during this period by electron microscopy (EM) and immunolabelling of the transmembrane synaptic vesicle glycoprotein SV-2. No SV-2 labelling or synapses we…
Bilateral olfactory deprivation reveals a selective noradrenergic regulatory input to the olfactory bulb.
2001
Unilateral olfactory deprivation in the rat induces changes in the catecholaminergic system of the olfactory bulb. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that unilateral deprivation does not fully prevent stimulation of the deprived bulb. The present report analyses the response of the catecholaminergic system of the olfactory bulb in fully deprived rats obtained by bilateral naris occlusion. The complete deprivation produces more rapid and dramatic changes in both the intrinsic and extrinsic catecholaminergic systems of the olfactory bulb. Intrinsic responses involve a rapid decrease in dopamine-containing cells to about 25% of controls, correlated with a decreased Fos expression in juxtaglomerul…
Types of cholecystokinin-containing periglomerular cells in the mouse olfactory bulb
2010
The periglomerular cells (PG) of the olfactory bulb (OB) are involved in the primary processing and the refinement of sensory information from the olfactory epithelium. The neurochemical composition of these neurons has been studied in depth in many species, and over the last decades such studies have focused mainly on the rat. The increasing use of genetic models for research into olfactory function demands a profound characterization of the mouse olfactory bulb, including the chemical composition of bulbar interneurons. Regarding both their connectivity with the olfactory nerve and their neurochemical fate, recently, two different types of PG have been identfied in the mouse. In the prese…
Postnatal odorant exposure induces peripheral olfactory plasticity at the cellular level
2014
Mammalian olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) form the primary elements of the olfactory system. Inserted in the olfactory mucosa lining of the nasal cavity, they are exposed to the environment and their lifespan is brief. Several reports say that OSNs are regularly regenerated during the entire life and that odorant environment affects the olfactory epithelium. However, little is known about the impact of the odorant environment on OSNs at the cellular level and more precisely in the context of early postnatal olfactory exposure. Here we exposed MOR23-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and M71-GFP mice to lyral or acetophenone, ligands for MOR23 or M71, respectively. Daily postnatal exposure to …
New neurons follow the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the adult brain
2006
Autores: Sawamoto, K. et al. .- PMID:16410488
Neural Substrate to Associate Odorants and Pheromones: Convergence of Projections from the Main and Accessory Olfactory Bulbs in Mice
2012
In rodents olfactory stimuli are essential for socio-sexual behaviour. Volatile stimuli mainly activate the main olfactory system, whereas non-volatile ones, some of them considered as pheromones, activate the accessory olfactory system. Traditionally, it has been considered that the efferent projections of the main and the accessory olfactory bulbs innervate different telencephalic areas. Recent studies performed in rats and mice have challenged this view. In this work we explore in mice, through the use of anterograde tracer injections in the olfactory bulbs, the brain centres where olfactory and vomeronasal information might converge.
The vomeronasal cortex - afferent and efferent projections of the posteromedial cortical nucleus of the amygdala in mice
2013
Most mammals possess a vomeronasal system that detects predominantly chemical signals of biological relevance. Vomeronasal information is relayed to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), whose unique cortical target is the posteromedial cortical nucleus of the amygdala. This cortical structure should therefore be considered the primary vomeronasal cortex. In the present work, we describe the afferent and efferent connections of the posteromedial cortical nucleus of the amygdala in female mice, using anterograde (biotinylated dextranamines) and retrograde (Fluorogold) tracers, and zinc selenite as a tracer specific for zinc-enriched (putative glutamatergic) projections. The results show that t…
Fiber Connections of the Amygdaloid Formation of the Lizard <i>Podarcis hispanica</i>
1993
The amygdaloid formation of the lizard Podarcis hispanica can be divided into three main groups of nuclei on the basis of their input from the main and accessory olfactory bulbs: the vomeronasal amygdala, the olfactory amygdala and the dorsal amygdaloid group, the latter group receiving afferents from neither the main (MOB) or the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). The vomeronasal amygdala has a centrifugal projection to the AOB, an important commissural connection to the contralateral vomeronasal amygdala, a minor projection to nucleus accumbens, and a bilateral projection to the lateral cortex. The olfactory amygdala displays a bilateral afferents from the MOB, receives a contralateral affer…