Search results for "Bust"
showing 10 items of 1000 documents
Black and brown carbon over central Amazonia: long-term aerosol measurements at the ATTO site
2018
The Amazon rainforest is a sensitive ecosystem experiencing the combined pressures of progressing deforestation and climate change. Its atmospheric conditions oscillate between biogenic and biomass burning (BB) dominated states. The Amazon further represents one of the few remaining continental places where the atmosphere approaches pristine conditions during occasional wet season episodes. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been established in central Amazonia to investigate the complex interactions between the rainforest ecosystem and the atmosphere. Physical and chemical aerosol properties have been analyzed continuously since 2012. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of t…
Ship emissions measurement in the Arctic by plume intercepts of the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker <i>Amundsen</i> from …
2016
Abstract. Decreasing sea ice and increasing marine navigability in northern latitudes have changed Arctic ship traffic patterns in recent years and are predicted to increase annual ship traffic in the Arctic in the future. Development of effective regulations to manage environmental impacts of shipping requires an understanding of ship emissions and atmospheric processing in the Arctic environment. As part of the summer 2014 NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols) campaign, the plume dispersion and gas and particle emission factors of effluents originating from the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen operating near Resolute Bay, NU, Canada, were investigated. The Amundsen burned dist…
Application of aerosol optical properties to estimate aerosol type from ground-based remote sensing observation at urban area of northeastern China
2015
Abstract Aerosol optical properties were derived from ground-based sunphotometer observations between 2009-2013 at three urban sites of Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun in northeastern China. The annual means for extinction aerosol optical depths (EAOD) at 500 nm were 0.57±0.38, 0.52±0.35, and 0.41±0.31 at Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun, respectively. The corresponding annual means for the extinction Angstrom exponents (EAE) computed for the wavelengths of 440 and 870 nm were 0.86±0.32, 0.86±0.34 and 0.91±0.35, respectively, indicating that urban area of Northeast China were affected by both coarse and fine particles. Hygroscopic growth in summer and incursions of dust aerosols in spring were evidently r…
Corrosion Resistance of Alloys in IGCC Environment
2001
IGCC recovery boiler materials are subject to severe corrosion in environments composed of a gas mixture (CO-H 2 -H 2 O-CO 2 -H 2 S) and vanadium-containing fly-ash resulting from the combustion of oil residues. This paper presents a study of the corrosion behaviour of two Fe-Ni-Cr austenitic alloys in a typical IGCC environment at 400°C. The alloy composition influences the vanadium incorporated in the corrosion scales during the test, which affects the scale growth process. The valence state (determined by micro-XANES) and the amount of the incorporated vanadium is modified by a subsequent air flow at 400°C.
DETERMINATION OF TDC IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES BY A NEWLY DEVELOPED THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH
2010
Abstract In-cylinder pressure analysis is nowadays an indispensable tool in internal combustion engine research & development. It allows the measure of some important performance related parameters, such as indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), mean friction pressure, indicated fuel consumption, heat release rate, mass fraction burned, etc. Moreover, future automotive engine will probably be equipped with in-cylinder pressure sensors for continuous combustion monitoring and control, in order to fulfil the more and more strict emission limits. For these reasons, in-cylinder pressure analysis must be carried out with maximum accuracy, in order to minimize the effects of its characteristic…
Background noise suppression for acoustic localization by means of an adaptive energy detection approach
2008
A microphone array can be employed to localize dominant acoustic sources in a given noisy environment. This capability is successfully used in good signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions but its accuracy decreases considerably in the presence of other background noise sources. In order to counteract this effect, a novel approach that combines the information provided by a Gaussian energy detector (GED) with the approved localization method SRP-PHAT is presented in this paper. To evaluate the presented technique, several acoustic sources (speech and impulsive sounds) were considered in a variety of different scenarios to demonstrate the robustness and the accuracy of the system proposed.
Multimode WSN: Improving Robustness, Fault Tolerance and Performance of Randomly Deployed Wireless Sensor Network
2010
This paper proposes an advanced, robust and flexible solution that applies the (revised) concept of Always Best Connected (ABC) Network, typical of multimode modern mobile devices, to Wireless Sensor Network. Hostile environments and unpredictable conditions (e.g. interferences) can negatively affect communication range, potentially increasing the number of unconnected nodes in random deployments. Multimode Wireless Sensor Network (MM-WSN) is provided with an adaptive mechanism for environmental condition evaluation and with the ability of self-configuring itself for optimal networking independence of detected conditions. Proposed solution is based on advanced smart nodes provided with mult…
Robust Transmission for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Vehicular Communications With Statistical CSI
2022
The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) into millimeter wave (mmWave) vehicular communications offers the possibility to unleash the potential of future proliferating vehicular applications. However, the high-mobility-induced rapidly varying channel state information (CSI) has been making it challenging to obtain the accurate instantaneous CSI (I-CSI) and to cope with the incurable high signaling overhead. The situation may become worse when the RIS with a large number of passive reflecting elements is deployed. To overcome this challenge, we investigate in this paper a robust transmission scheme for the time-varying RIS-aided mmWave vehicular communications, in which, s…
Sizing of ICE and Lithium-ion battery for series hybrid vehicle over life cycle with battery aging
2013
This paper presents a method to evaluate the volume and weight of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and lithium-ion battery for a series hybrid vehicle that allows to minimize the mean consumption over system life. Individual driving cycles of the car over a total distance of 100 000 km are simulated. The ICE and battery dimensions are approximated; the fuel consumption is evaluated using a general approach. Lithium-ion battery is described including capacity fading and the energy split between ICE and battery system is evaluated using an heuristic approach. Results show a decrease of mean fuel consumption down to 5.1 L/100km.
Robust Transmit Beamforming for Underlay D2D Communications on Multiple Channels
2020
Underlay device-to-device (D2D) communications lead to improvement in spectral efficiency by simultaneously allowing direct communication between the users and the existing cellular transmission. However, most works in resource allocation for D2D communication have considered single antenna transmission and with a focus on perfect channel state information (CSI). This work formulates a robust transmit beamforming design problem for maximizing the aggregate rate of all D2D pairs and cellular users (CUs). Assuming complex Gaussian distributed CSI error, our formulation guarantees probabilistically a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) above a specified threshold. In addition, we al…