Search results for "C.M.M."

Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the shared and the distinct cytotoxic hallmarks of human TCRVδ1 and TCRVδ2 γδ T lymphocytes

2019

γδ T lymphocytes represent ∼1% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and even more cells in most tissues of vertebrates. Although they have important anticancer functions, most current single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies do not identify γδ T lymphocytes because their transcriptomes at the single-cell level are unknown. Here we show that high-resolution clustering of large scRNA-seq datasets and a combination of gene signatures allow the specific detection of human γδ T lymphocytes and identification of their T cell receptor (TCR)Vδ1 and TCRVδ2 subsets in large datasets from complex cell mixtures. In t -distributed stochastic neighbor embedding plots from blood and tumor sa…

Determination of taste-active compounds of a bitter camembert cheese by omission tests

2001

The taste-active compounds of a Camembert cheese selected for its intense bitterness defect were investigated. The water-soluble fraction (WSE) was extracted with pure water and fractionated by successive tangential ultrafiltrations and nanofiltration. The physicochemical assessment of these fractions led to the construction of a model WSE which was compared by sensory evaluation to the crude water-soluble extract, using a panel of 16 trained tasters. As no significant difference was perceived, this model WSE was then used directly or mixed with other cheese components for omission tests. Among the main taste characteristics of the WSE (salty, sour, umami and bitter), bitterness was found t…

Effect of the association of surface flora on the sensory properties of mould-ripened cheese

1997

Summary - In cheese, flavour and taste are, in great part, generated by the starters during the ripening stage. Proteolysis and lipolysis are the first steps of the elaboration of a large number of taste and odour compounds directly invol ved in the sensory quality of cheeses. The pathways used by the microorganisms to produce flavour compounds are still unclear in many cases. It would be useful for the starter-producing industry to have screening criteria permitting diversification of the starter quality, and for the cheese industry to know which strain to associate to obtain cheeses with specifie sensory properties. The production of experimental cheeses with different associations of sur…

Populations bactériennes associées aux racines mycorhizées de Medicago truncatula: de la communauté à la souche bactérienne

2007

Trophic relationships between the cultivated plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant production (…

2018

French : Dans son environnement, la plante interagit sans cesse avec des microorganismes. Elle est confrontée à une variété de microorganismes bénéfiques, neutres ou pathogènes, qui sont fortement dépendants des ressources carbonées que la plante libère dans le sol, leur conférant ainsi un apport de nutriments et d’énergie nécessaire à leur développement. La mycorhize à arbuscules est une symbiose mutualiste formée par 80% des plantes terrestres datant de l’Ordovicien, i.e. environ 450 millions d’années avant notre ère. L’ensemble des travaux de recherche présenté au sein de ce manuscrit, s’inscrit dans le cadre de deux objectifs généraux : (i) acquérir une meilleure compréhension des mécan…

Membrane dynamics of sugar transports in tobacco-microbe interactions

2017

SPEINRAUBIPM DOCT; Plants can influence microorganism population through exudation of sugars notably as carbon source. Indeed, the type of plant-microorganism interaction (PMI) is linked to the trophic exchanges between plant and microorganism. Microorganisms are thus able to “manipulate” the host to modify sugar fluxes. In mycorrhizal symbiosis, the plant has a supply of nutrients by the fungal partner, which in return receives sugars. In pathogenic relationship, the microorganism will divert sugars provided by the plant without compensation. Despite identification of sugar transporters at biotrophic interfaces, molecular and cellular mechanisms by which microorganisms operate the distribu…

Réponses des cellules de Nicotiana tabacum à des molécules microbiennes : évènements de signalisation précoce, influence de la dynamique membranaire …

2018

Responses of Nicotiana tabacum cells to microbial molecule treatments: early signaling events,influence of membrane dynamics, and sugar fluxesIn their natural environment plants are in close interaction with beneficial, neutral, or pathogenicmicrobes, which are highly dependent on carbon resources exuded by plant roots. Sugar transport, which isa key process of plant physiology, is essential to support the fate of plant-microbe interactions. Duringevolution, plants have acquired the ability to perceive microbial molecules, initiating specific signaltransduction cascades and leading to adapted response for microbe lifestyles (avirulent, virulent, or benefic).Plant survival will depend on the…

Adaptative memory and animacy effect

2017

According to the adaptive memory view, human memory was shaped in the distant past to remember fitness relevant information (e.g., finding food, protecting ourselves from predators). An increasing number of studies favor this view, by showing that information related to to survival is memorized better than information not related to survival (Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). Recently, a new type of findings further supports this functional approach of memory: animacy effects, that is to say the observation that animates (living things able of independent movements; e.g., baby, grasshopper) are remembered better than inanimates (non-living things e.g., teakettle, rope). One account of …

Possible strategy to prevent recurrence of actinic keratosis after treatment field-direct.

2020

Sequence of vascular patterning and gene transcription in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (15.1)

2014

Introduction: The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a well-established model of both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis; however, little is known about the genetic control of vascular patterning in the CAM. Methods: Using recent advances in chicken genomics, we investigated the relative expression of 84 angiogenesis genes during the growth and remodeling of the CAM microcirculatory network. Chick embryos, cultured ex ovo, were studied during embryonic development days (EDD) 8-14. UV laser microdissection was used to harvest capillary plexus and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order conducting vessels for qRT-PCR analysis. Results: Two transcription peaks were observed between EDD 8 and 14. The first p…