Search results for "C2"
showing 10 items of 879 documents
In the literature: October 2020.
2020
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are widely used as treatment for an increasing number of solid tumours. Nevertheless, the lack of predictive biomarker represents a limitation across several cancer types. During the last years, the possibility to dynamically study tumour evolution through circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in plasma has opened novel possibility in evaluating disease status and therapeutic response, especially in localised disease to predict the possibility of relapse. However, the specific opportunities for application in the context of immunotherapy remain to be clarified.1 In an article recently published in Cancer Discovery by Zhang et al ,2 a comprehensive analysis of ctDNA dat…
Diffusion-weighted imaging in oncology: An update
2020
To date, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is included in routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for several cancers. The real additive role of DWI lies in the “functional” information obtained by probing the free diffusivity of water molecules into intra and inter-cellular spaces that in tumors mainly depend on cellularity. Although DWI has not gained much space in some oncologic scenarios, this non-invasive tool is routinely used in clinical practice and still remains a hot research topic: it has been tested in almost all cancers to differentiate malignant from benign lesions, to distinguish different malignant histotypes or tumor grades, to predict and/or assess treatment resp…
Cancer: New Needs, New Models. Is It Time for a Community Oncologist? Another Brick in the Wall
2021
Simple Summary Community care activity in the oncology field does not exist. This unmet need contrasts with the increasing number of patients with a previous diagnosis of cancer. Abstract Over the last few decades, thanks to early detection, effective drugs, and personalized treatments, the natural history of cancer has radically changed. Thanks to these advances, we have observed how survival of cancer patients has increased, becoming an ever more important goal in cancer care. Effective clinical governance of survivorship care is essential to ensure a successful transition between active and post-treatment life, identifying optimization of healthcare outcomes and quality of life for patie…
Do BARD1 Mutations Confer an Elevated Risk of Prostate Cancer?
2021
Simple Summary Current cancer testing gene panels tend to be comprehensive. One of the genes commonly included in the testing panels is BARD1. To establish whether BARD1 mutations predispose to prostate cancer, we sequenced BARD1 in 390 hereditary prostate cancer cases, genotyped 5715 men with unselected prostate cancer and 10,252 controls for three recurrent rare BARD1 variants in Poland. We did not see an elevated prostate risk cancer given p.Q564X truncating mutation, p.R658C missense mutation and p.R659= synonymous variant. Neither variant influenced prostate cancer characteristics or survival. Our study is the first to evaluate the association between BARD1 mutations and prostate cance…
In the literature: June 2019
2019
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) includes cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. BTCs are known to have a poor prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival below 20%.1 Unfortunately, majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage, being palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine the current standard of care.2 Poor prognosis is due to the fact that only 20% of patients are diagnosed in early stages3 and the high risk of relapse following curative surgery. Unfortunately, the lack of randomised studies has made the role of adjuvant treatment in BTC following surgery an unresolved matter for many years.4 5 Adjuvant therapy (either in the form of chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)…
Correction to: Assessment of intratumor immune-microenvironment in colorectal cancers with extranodal extension of nodal metastases
2019
No data is available on the molecular background of the extra-nodal extension (ENE) of lymph node metastasis (LN) in colorectal cancer (CRC).A series of 22 ENE-positive CRCs was considered and three samples per case were selected (the primary CRC, an ENE-negative and an ENE-positive metastatic LN). Samples (n = 66) were analysed by immunohistochemistry for PD-L1, CD4, CD8, CD68 and CD80. Fifteen out of twenty-two cases were further profiled through a hotspot multigene mutational custom panel, including 164 hotspot regions ofA significantly higher percentage of CD4-, CD8- and CD68-positive cells was observed at the invasive front of both CRCs and in ENE in contrast with what observed at the …
A polymorphism at the 3'-UTR region of the aromatase gene defines a subgroup of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with poor response to neoadjuva…
2009
Abstract Background Aromatase (CYP19A1) regulates estrogen biosynthesis. Polymorphisms in CYP19A1 have been related to the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC). Inhibition of aromatase with letrozole constitutes the best option for treating estrogen-dependent BC in postmenopausal women. We evaluate a series of polymorphisms of CYP19A1 and their effect on response to neoadjuvant letrozole in early BC. Methods We analyzed 95 consecutive postmenopausal women with stage II-III ER/PgR [+] BC treated with neoadjuvant letrozole. Response to treatment was measured by radiology at 4th month by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Three polymorphisms of CYP19A1, one in exon 7 (rs700519) and two in…
Moving the target on the optimal adjuvant strategy for resected pancreatic cancers: A systematic review with meta-analysis
2020
Combination regimens have shown superiority over single agents in the adjuvant treatment of resected pancreatic cancer (PC), but there are no data supporting definition of the best regimen. This work aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of mFOLFIRINOX, gemcitabine+capecitabine, and gemcitabine+nab/paclitaxel in PC patients. A meta-analysis was performed for direct comparison between trials comparing combination regimens and gemcitabine monotherapy. Subsequently, an indirect comparison was made between trials investigating the efficacy and safety of mFOLFIRINOX, gemcitabine+capecitabine, and gemcitabine+nab/paclitaxel because of the same control arm (gemcitabine). A total of three studie…
Progression-Free Survival Early Assessment Is a Robust Surrogate Endpoint of Overall Survival in Immunotherapy Trials of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2020
Background: Radiology-based outcomes, such as progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR), are used as surrogate endpoints in oncology trials. We aimed to assess the surrogacy relationship of PFS with overall survival (OS) in clinical trials of systemic therapies targeting advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by novel meta-regression methods. Methods: A search of databases (PubMed, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Meeting Libraries, Clinicaltrials.gov) for trials of systemic therapies for advanced HCC reporting both OS and PFS was performed. Individual patient data were extracted from PFS and OS Kaplan&nd…
Impact of Chemotherapy in the Adjuvant Setting of Early Stage Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis
2020
Background: Although the use of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) appears to be increasing over the past few years, several clinical trials and previous meta-analyses failed to determine whether AC could improve clinical outcomes in uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare AC (with or without radiotherapy) versus observation (obs) after primary surgery in early stage uLMS. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRSs) were retrieved. Outcomes of interest were as follows: distant recurrence rate, locoregional recurrence rate and overall recurrence rate. Results about distant recurrence rate, locoregiona…