Search results for "CALORIC RESTRICTION"
showing 10 items of 41 documents
Chicken adaptive response to low energy diet: main role of the hypothalamic lipid metabolism revealed by a phenotypic and multi-tissue transcriptomic…
2019
AbstractBackgroundProduction conditions of layer chicken can vary in terms of temperature or diet energy content compared to the controlled environment where pure-bred selection is undertaken. The aim of this study was to better understand the long-term effects of a 15%-energy depleted diet on egg-production, energy homeostasis and metabolism via a multi-tissue transcriptomic analysis. Study was designed to compare effects of the nutritional intervention in two layer chicken lines divergently selected for residual feed intake.ResultsChicken adapted to the diet in terms of production by significantly increasing their feed intake and decreasing their body weight and body fat composition, whil…
Long-Term Calorie Restriction Enhances Cellular Quality-Control Processes in Human Skeletal Muscle
2015
Calorie restriction (CR) retards aging, acts as a hormetic intervention, and increases serum corticosterone and HSP70 expression in rodents. However, less is known regarding the effects of CR on these factors in humans. Serum cortisol and molecular chaperones and autophagic proteins were measured in the skeletal muscle of subjects on CR diets for 3-15 years and in control volunteers. Serum cortisol was higher in the CR group than in age-matched sedentary and endurance athlete groups (15.6 ± 4.6 ng/dl versus 12.3 ± 3.9 ng/dl and 11.2 ± 2.7 ng/dl, respectively; p ≤ 0.001). HSP70, Grp78, beclin-1, and LC3 mRNA and/or protein levels were higher in the skeletal muscle of the CR group compared to…
The effects of calorie restriction, intermittent fasting and vegetarian diets on bone health.
2019
Uncountable health care organizations, clinicians, and individuals are striving to prevent obesity and the many chronic medical conditions linked to it by advocating a healthy lifestyle that includes measures such as reducing dietary calorie intake (i.e., calorie restriction = CR and intermittent fasting = IF) or limiting/abolishing animal source foods (i.e., practices termed vegetarianism and veganism). Although these regimens are traditionally considered healthy, their real impact on bone health has yet to be established, and some studies have reported that they have negative effects on bone outcomes. The current work provides an overview of the studies carried out to examine the effect/s…
Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population
2014
SummaryMice and humans with growth hormone receptor/IGF-1 deficiencies display major reductions in age-related diseases. Because protein restriction reduces GHR-IGF-1 activity, we examined links between protein intake and mortality. Respondents aged 50–65 reporting high protein intake had a 75% increase in overall mortality and a 4-fold increase in cancer death risk during the following 18 years. These associations were either abolished or attenuated if the proteins were plant derived. Conversely, high protein intake was associated with reduced cancer and overall mortality in respondents over 65, but a 5-fold increase in diabetes mortality across all ages. Mouse studies confirmed the effect…
Brain aging and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: many open questions.
2012
ABSTRACTDespite decades of research in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a real understanding of its molecular pathophysiology and treatments relevant to the day-to-day lives of patients remain out of reach. Research has, with good reason, focused on certain key pathways and potential mechanisms, but sometimes this has been at the expense of work on other theories, which may be slowing down progress in this field. Interesting theories at present include oxidative stress and caloric restriction. Work on the Aβ cascade should continue but with a shift in focus to its intracellular effects and an awareness that additional pathogenetic factors and processes must be involved – most importan…
Study of the mechanisms of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity. Role in subclinical atherosclerosis …
2019
El aumento alarmante de la prevalencia de obesidad a nivel mundial y la enorme carga de enfermedad asociada ha generado una creciente demanda de estrategias para frenar la epidemia y / o mitigar los efectos dañinos de la obesidad sobre la salud. Para ello se requiere un compromiso firme y sinérgico por parte de todas las fuerzas sociales, no sólo para desarrollar estrategias preventivas, sino también para contribuir al conocimiento de los eventos patológicos y los mecanismos involucrados en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Por ello, el objetivo principal de la presente tesis doctoral es profundizar en los mecanismos subyacentes de la obesidad, especialmente en aquellos relacionados con el …
The consumption of a bread enriched with dietary fibre and l-carnitine improves glucose homoeostasis and insulin sensitivity in patients with metabol…
2015
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a bakery product enriched with dietary fibre and L-carnitine in countering glucose homoeostasis and insulin sensitivity in patients with and without MetS. This was a 12-week, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial employing fifty-four subjects (28 with MetS and 26 without MetS). After one month (run-in period), subjects were divided into two intervention groups: one received dietary fibre (5.59 g of soluble fibre and 9.49 g of insoluble fibre) plus 2325 mg of L-carnitine enriched bread (n = 26) and the other received placebo bread (n = 28). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters inflammatory markers and LDL subfra…
The effects of graded caloric restriction: XII. Comparison of mouse to human impact on cellular senescence in the colon.
2018
Calorie restriction (CR) is an effective strategy to delay the onset and progression of aging phenotypes in a variety of organisms. Several molecular players are involved in the anti-aging effects of CR, but mechanisms of regulation are poorly understood. Cellular senescence—a cellular state of irreversible growth arrest—is considered a basic mechanism of aging. Senescent cells accumulate with age and promote a number of age-related pathologies. Whether environmental conditions such as diet affect the accumulation of cellular senescence with age is still unclear. Here, we show that a number of classical transcriptomic markers of senescent cells are reduced in adult but relatively young mice…
Impact of body weight, low energy diet and gastric bypass on drug bioavailability, cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic biomarkers: protocol for…
2018
IntroductionRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors and bioavailability of drugs, but whether these changes are induced by calorie restriction, the weight loss or surgery per se, remains uncertain. The COCKTAIL study was designed to disentangle the short-term (6 weeks) metabolic and pharmacokinetic effects of GBP and a very low energy diet (VLED) by inducing a similar weight loss in the two groups.Methods and analysisThis open, non-randomised, three-armed, single-centre study is performed at a tertiary care centre in Norway. It aims to compare the short-term (6 weeks) and long-term (2 years) effects of GBP and VLED on, first, bioavailability…
Dietary restriction: could it be considered as speed bump on tumor progression road?
2016
Dietary restrictions, including fasting (or long-term starvation), calorie restriction (CR), and short-term starvation (STS), are considered a strong rationale that may protect against various diseases, including age-related diseases and cancer. Among dietary approaches, STS, in which food is not consumed during designed fasting periods but is typically not restricted during designated feeding periods, seems to be more suitable, because other dietary regimens involving prolonged fasting periods could worsen the health conditions of cancer patients, being they already naturally prone to weight loss. Until now, the limited amount of available data does not point to a single gene, pathway, or …