Search results for "CARTILAGE"
showing 10 items of 252 documents
Sedaghatian congenital lethal metaphyseal chondrodysplasia—observations in a second Iranian family and histopathological studies
1987
In 1980, Sedaghatian described in two brothers and one sister a neonatally lethal disorder associated with slight rhizomelic limb shortness, mild platyspondyly, and severe metaphyseal dysplasia. Here data are presented on another Iranian infant with the Sedaghatian syndrome who died on day 4 and was found to have histologic evidence of severe epimetaphyseal dysplasia. The occurrence in children of both sexes in one instance, born to normal parents who were first cousins, and currently apparent confinement of the disorder to Iranians suggests that the Sedaghatian syndrome is an autosomal recessive trait with high gene frequency in Iranians. This may be a more complexly pleiotropic syndrome t…
The Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) Dimer Protects Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes and Cartilage from the Catab…
2008
We have investigated the effects of a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer (CORM-2), on catabolic processes in human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage and chondrocytes activated with interleukin-1beta. In these cells, proinflammatory cytokines induce the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases, including members of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin domain (ADAMTS) family, which may contribute to cartilage loss. CORM-2 down-regulated MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-10, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 in OA chondrocytes, and it inhibited cartilage degradation. These effects were accompanied by increased aggrecan synthesis and collagen II e…
A cell-free approach with a supporting biomaterial in the form of dispersed microspheres induces hyaline cartilage formation in a rabbit knee model
2020
The objective of this study was to test a regenerative medicine strategy for the regeneration of articular cartilage. This approach combines microfracture of the subchondral bone with the implant at the site of the cartilage defect of a supporting biomaterial in the form of microspheres aimed at creating an adequate biomechanical environment for the differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells that migrate from the bone marrow. The possible inflammatory response to these biomaterials was previously studied by means of the culture of RAW264.7 macrophages. The microspheres were implanted in a 3 mm-diameter defect in the trochlea of the femoral condyle of New Zealand rabbits, covering them wi…
Widening of the genetic and clinical spectrum of Lamb-Shaffer syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder due to SOX5 haploinsufficiency
2020
International audience; PURPOSE: Lamb-Shaffer syndrome (LAMSHF) is a neurodevelopmental disorder described in just over two dozen patients with heterozygous genetic alterations involving SOX5, a gene encoding a transcription factor regulating cell fate and differentiation in neurogenesis and other discrete developmental processes. The genetic alterations described so far are mainly microdeletions. The present study was aimed at increasing our understanding of LAMSHF, its clinical and genetic spectrum, and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved.METHODS: Clinical and genetic data were collected through GeneMatcher and clinical or genetic networks for 41 novel patients harboring various ty…
Expression of heme oxygenase-1 and regulation by cytokines in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes
2003
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is implicated in the protection against tissue injury. We investigated the expression of this protein in cartilage sections and chondrocytes obtained from osteoarthritic patients. HO-1 was immunodetected in preparations from cartilage and also in chondrocytes cultured in the absence of stimulation. We found that HO-1 can be modulated by cytokines since the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) down-regulated this protein, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 exerted the opposite effect. Our results suggest a role for HO-1 as part of protective mechanisms against tissue injury in human cartilage.
A novel cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor modulates catabolic and antiinflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis.
2004
ITB (6-(p-bromophenyl)amino-7-(p-chlorophenyl)indazolo[2',3':1,5]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-1,3,5-benzotriazepine) is a novel inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) with antiinflammatory activity in animal models. In the present study, we investigated the effect of this compound on the production of catabolic or antiinflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. In OA cartilage explants, ITB inhibited the production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas nitrite was partially reduced. On the contrary, ITB increased the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and the expres…
Research of cardiomyocyte precursors in adult rat heart
2006
Recent reports supported the existence of stem cells in adult hearts. However, phenotype and localization of these cells have not been completely described and it is unknown if cardiac regenerative potential differs from one subject to another. The aims of our work were to identify different populations of cardiac stem cells by the analysis of specific markers and to evaluate the expression variability of these markers in 12 adult rat hearts. The expression of CD9, taube nuss and nanog suggests the presence of stem cells from the earliest stages of embryogenesis in adult myocardium. Their different expression could be associated to the degree of stem cell differentiation. CD34 and c-Kit ant…
Heterogeneity of osteogenesis imperfecta. Biochemical and morphological findings in a case of type III according to Sillence.
1986
A male infant with pale-blue sclerae, who died at the age of 6 weeks through the aspiration of food, presented multiple fractures and deformation of the long tubular bones. The clinical and radiological findings and the course indicated osteogenesis imperfecta, type III, according to Sillence's classification. The family history was unremarkable. Light and electron microscopic studies of iliac crest bone obtained postmortem, showed an abrupt interruption of endochondral ossification, with an active periosteal ossification. In the region of the fractures, a mixed desmochondral callus was seen. The endoplasmic reticulum of the osteoblasts was markedly dilated, the mitochondria were swollen. T…
Cycloastragenol as an Exogenous Enhancer of Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. A Morphological Study
2020
Stem cell therapy and tissue engineering represent a promising approach for cartilage regeneration. However, they present limits in terms of mechanical properties and premature de-differentiation of engineered cartilage. Cycloastragenol (CAG), a triterpenoid saponin compound and a hydrolysis product of the main ingredient in Astragalus membranaceous, has been explored for cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate CAG&rsquo
Downregulation of β2-microglobulin in human cord blood somatic stem cells after transplantation into livers of SCID-mice: an escape mechanism of stem…
2002
Adherently growing, non-hematopoietic somatic stem cells isolated from human cord blood were stained with the fluorescent dye PKH26 and transplanted into livers of SCID-mice to examine a possible cell fate transition. Already 7 days after transplantation stem cells were well integrated into the liver tissue. Human albumin that was not expressed by the stem cells before transplantation was detectable in the host's livers after injection of cord blood stem cells. Human alpha1-antitrypsin was detectable in stem cells already before transplantation and remained positive in the mouse liver. The most interesting observation in this study was the downregulation of human beta2-microglobulin (beta2M…