Search results for "CD8"

Tuning antiviral CD8 T-cell response via proline-altered peptide ligand vaccination

2019

AbstractViral escape from CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses correlates with disease progression and represents a significant challenge for vaccination. Here, we demonstrate that CD8+T cell recognition of the naturally occurring MHC-I-restricted LCMV-associated immune escape variant Y4F is restored following vaccination with a proline-altered peptide ligand (APL). The APL increases MHC/peptide (pMHC) complex stability, rigidifies the peptide and facilitates T cell receptor (TCR) recognition through reduced entropy costs. Structural analyses of pMHC complexes before and after TCR binding, combined with biophysical analyses, revealed that although the TCR binds similarly to all complexes, t…

Oral lichen planus after certolizumab pegol treatment in a patient with Crohn's disease

2011

Dear Sir , Lichen planus (LP) is a relatively uncommon inflammatory dermatosis of the mucocutaneous surfaces that can present with a variety of clinical manifestations and, most commonly, affecting middle-aged adults. The disease course may be short or chronic, although most cases may resolve after 1 month to 7 years. The real prevalence of LP is unknown, but is estimated to be 1% in the USA.1 The pathogenesis of LP is not entirely understood. In general, activated T lymphocytes are recruited to the dermal–epidermal junction and induce apoptosis in basal keratinocytes. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are found in the lichenoid infiltrate of LP, with a predominance of the latter cell type b…

2014

Pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses cause considerable morbidity and mortality in the general human population. Protection from severe disease may result from vaccines that activate antigen-presenting DC for effective stimulation of influenza-specific memory T cells. Special attention is paid to vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell responses, because they are mainly directed against conserved internal influenza proteins thereby presumably mediating cross-protection against circulating seasonal as well as emerging pandemic virus strains. Our study showed that influenza whole virus vaccines of major seasonal A and B strains activated DC more efficiently than those of pandemic swine-origin H1N1 and…

Integrated longitudinal immunophenotypic, transcriptional, and repertoire analyses delineate immune responses in patients with COVID-19

2021

To understand how a protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2 develops over time, we integrated phenotypic, transcriptional and repertoire analyses on PBMCs from mild and severe COVID-19 patients during and after infection, and compared them to healthy donors (HD). A type I IFN-response signature marked all the immune populations from severe patients during the infection. Humoral immunity was dominated by IgG production primarily against the RBD and N proteins, with neutralizing antibody titers increasing post infection and with disease severity. Memory B cells, including an atypical FCRL5+ T-BET+ memory subset, increased during the infection, especially in patients with mild disease. A…

OP0042 BLOCKING OF CD103+ TISSUE RESIDENT MEMORY T CELLS (TRM) AS A THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY IN SJOGREN’S SYNDROME

2021

Background:Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), are a recently identified T cells population featuring tissue localization and expression of markers of tissue homing, CD69 and CD103. Recently, the expansion of CD8+ TRMs and their involvement in the sialadenitis was described in a murine model of SS. However, CD4+ and CD8+ TRM’s functional relevance in pSS is still not fully understood, and the TRM therapeutic targeting unexplored.Objectives:The study aimed to address the role of CD4+ and CD8+ TRMs in the pathogenesis of pSS and to explore the therapeutic targeting of the tissue residency marker of TRM CD103.Methods:An animal model of experimental (ESS) obtained by immunization of female C5…

IFN-? in Candida albicans infections

2009

The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is the most frequent etiologic agent that causes opportunistic infections called candidiasis, a disease whose systemic manifestation could prove fatal and whose incidence is increasing as a result of an expanding immunocompromised population. Here we review the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the host protection against invasive candidiasis. This cytokine plays an essential role in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response to candidiasis. We focus on recent progress on host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level, leading to the production of IFN-gamma by host cells. IFN-gamma is produced by CD4 Th1, CD8, gamma delta T, and n…

Evaluation of Bone Marrow CD8+ tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Multiple Myeloma

2019

Background: CD8+ T cell responses are an essential component of the adaptive immune system. After resolution of infection a small population of memory cells is formed. In relation to circulatory patterns, different subsets of memory CD8+ T cells can be identified: the central memory (CM) and the effector memory T cells (EM) (Martin MD, et al., Front Immunol. 2018). In addition, it has been described a subset of resident memory T cells (TRM) permanently living in peripheral tissues, including the bone marrow (BM) (Di Rosa F., et al., Nat Rev Immunol. 2016). It is conceivable that these cells can contribute to the defence toward haematological tumours infiltrating the BM. Therefore, we perfor…

Analysis of the Immune Status in Latvian Chernobyl Clean-up Workers with Nononcological Thyroid Diseases

2001

The aim of the present work was to characterize the immune status of 385 individuals who participated in the 1986–90 clean-up work of the after effects of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion. Fifty-nine Chernobyl clean-up workers developed the most common thyroid diseases; euthyroid nodular and diffuse goiter; 47 healthy blood donors were taken as controls. The levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM), the numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, T lymphocytes and their subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), B lymphocytes (CD19+), natural killer (NK) cells (CD16+), classical and alternative pathway activity of complement (CH50, APH50), the C3 split product C3d…

Immunology of human rickettsial diseases.

2008

Among human rickettsial diseases caused by micro-organisms of the genus Rickettsia (Order Rickettsiales; Family Rickettsiaceae), transmitted to human hosts through arthropod vectors, Mediterranean Spotted Fever, or Boutonneuse Fever, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever are considered to be important infectious diseases due to continued prevalence in the developed world, and potentially fatal outcome in severe cases. Proliferation of rickettsiae, at the site of the tick bite, results in focal epidermal and dermal necrosis (tache noire). Rickettsiae then spread via lymphatic vessels to the regional lymph nodes, and, via the bloodstream, to skin, brain, lungs, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys. Th…

Localization of Viral Epitope-Specific CD8 T Cells during Cytomegalovirus Latency in the Lungs and Recruitment to Lung Parenchyma by Airway Challenge…

2021

Interstitial pneumonia is a life-threatening clinical manifestation of cytomegalovirus infection in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The mouse model of experimental HCT and infection with murine cytomegalovirus revealed that reconstitution of virus-specific CD8+ T cells is critical for resolving productive lung infection. CD8+ T-cell infiltrates persisted in the lungs after the establishment of latent infection. A subset defined by the phenotype KLRG1+CD62L− expanded over time, a phenomenon known as memory inflation (MI). Here we studied the localization of these inflationary T effector-memory cells (iTEM) by comparing their frequencies in the intravascular and transm…