Search results for "CELL PROLIFERATION"
showing 10 items of 1056 documents
Mir-4674 Regulates Angiogenesis In Tissue Injury By Targeting P38K Signaling In Endothelial Cells
2020
Neoangiogenesis is critical for tissue repair in response to injury such as myocardial ischemia or dermal wound healing. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs and important regulators of angiogenesis under physiological and pathological disease states. Therefore, identification of microRNAs that may restore impaired angiogenesis in response to tissue injury may provide new targets for therapy. Using a microRNA microarray profiling approach, we identified a human-specific microRNA, miR-4674, that was significantly decreased in patients after myocardial tissue injury and had an endothelial cell (EC)-enriched expression pattern. Functionally, overexpression of miR-4674 markedly attenuated EC pro…
Tumor Lipids of Pediatric Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Stimulate Unconventional T Cells
2020
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a rare entity in children with no established therapy protocols for advanced diseases. Immunotherapy is emerging as an important therapeutic tool for childhood cancer. Tumor cells can be recognized and killed by conventional and unconventional T cells. Unconventional T cells are able to recognize lipid antigens presented via CD1 molecules independently from major histocompatibility complex, which offers new alternatives for cancer immunotherapies. The nature of those lipids is largely unknown and α-galactosylceramide is currently used as a synthetic model antigen. In this work, we analyzed infiltrating lymphocytes of two pediatric PRCCs using flow cy…
Interleukin-1β Modulation of the Mechanobiology of Primary Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts: Potential Implications in Lung Repair
2020
Pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1&beta
Cholesterol burden in the liver induces mitochondrial dynamic changes and resistance to apoptosis
2018
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of histopathological changes ranging from non-inflammatory intracellular fat deposition to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress into hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent data suggest that impaired hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and its accumulation are relevant to the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH. Despite a vital physiological function of cholesterol, mitochondrial dysfunction is an important consequence of dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia and was, subsequently, linked to many pathophysiological conditions. The aim in the current study was to evaluate the morphological a…
Neuropeptide FF increases M2 activation and self-renewal of adipose tissue macrophages
2017
The quantity and activation state of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) impact the development of obesity-induced metabolic diseases. Appetite-controlling hormones play key roles in obesity; however, our understanding of their effects on ATMs is limited. Here, we have shown that human and mouse ATMs express NPFFR2, a receptor for the appetite-reducing neuropeptide FF (NPFF), and that NPFFR2 expression is upregulated by IL-4, an M2-polarizing cytokine. Plasma levels of NPFF decreased in obese patients and high-fat diet-fed mice and increased following caloric restriction. NPFF promoted M2 activation and increased the proliferation of murine and human ATMs. Both M2 activation and increased ATM…
Activation of p38, p21, and NRF-2 Mediates Decreased Proliferation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured under 21% O2
2014
Summary High rates of stem cell proliferation are important in regenerative medicine and in stem cell banking for clinical use. Ambient oxygen tensions (21% O2) are normally used for in vitro culture, but physiological levels in vivo range between 3% and 6% O2. We compared proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured under 21% versus 3% O2. The rate of hDPSC proliferation is significantly lower at 21% O2 compared to physiological oxygen levels due to enhanced oxidative stress. Under 21% O2, increased p38 phosphorylation led to activation of p21. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species and p21 led to activation of the NRF-2 signaling pathway. The upregulation of NR…
Influences of prenatal and postnatal stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: The double neurogenic niche hypothesis
2015
International audience; Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is involved in learning, memory, and stress, and plays a significant role in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. As an age-dependent process, AHN is largely influenced by changes that occur during the pre- and postnatal stages of brain development, and constitutes an important field of research. This review examines the current knowledge regarding the regulators of AHN and the influence of prenatal and postnatal stress on later AHN. In addition, a hypothesis is presented suggesting that each kind of stress influences a specific neurogenic pool, developmental or postnatal, that later becomes a precursor with important repe…
Vascular‐derived TGF‐β increases in the stem cell niche and perturbs neurogenesis during aging and following irradiation in the adult mouse brain
2012
Neurogenesis decreases during aging and following cranial radiotherapy, causing a progressive cognitive decline that is currently untreatable. However, functional neural stem cells remained present in the subventricular zone of high dose-irradiated and aged mouse brains. We therefore investigated whether alterations in the neurogenic niches are perhaps responsible for the neurogenesis decline. This hypothesis was supported by the absence of proliferation of neural stem cells that were engrafted into the vascular niches of irradiated host brains. Moreover, we observed a marked increase in TGF-β1 production by endothelial cells in the stem cell niche in both middle-aged and irradiated mice. I…
FGF-2/FGFR1 neurotrophic system expression level and its basal activation do not account for the age-dependent decline of precursor cell proliferatio…
2010
It is largely accepted that neurogenesis in the adult brain decreases with age and reduced levels of local neurotrophic support is speculated to be a contributing factor. Among neurotrophic factors involved on neurogenesis, we focused our attention on the neurotrophic system fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and its receptor FGFR1, a potent modulator of precursor cell proliferation. In the present work, we aimed to analyse if potential age-dependent changes of the FGF-2/FGFR1 neurotrophic system may give account for the age-dependent decline of precursor cell proliferation in the neurogenic region of the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the rat brain. Using in situ hybridization and western bl…
Moderate drinking? Alcohol consumption significantly decreases neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus
2012
Drinking alcohol in moderation is often considered a health-conscious behavior, associated with improved cardiovascular and brain health. However, “moderate” amounts of alcohol include drinking 3-4 alcohol beverages in a day, which is closer to binge drinking and may do more harm than good. Here we examined how daily drinking of moderate-high alcohol alters the production of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Male and female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were provided free access to a liquid replacement diet that was supplemented with either 4 % ethanol or Maltodextrin for a period of two weeks. Proliferating cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and the number of BrdU-positi…