Search results for "CEM"

Laser assisted particle removal from Silicon wafers

2023

We have studied the removal of submicrometer particles from silicon wafers by the steam laser cleaning (SLC) and dry laser cleaning (DLC) processes. These processes are currently being investigated as new promising cleaning technologies for complementing traditional methods in industrial applications. For SLC a thin liquid layer (e.g. a water-alcohol mixture) is condensed onto the substrate, and is subsequently evaporated by irradiating the surface with a short laser pulse. The DLC process, on the other hand, relies only on the laser pulse, without application of a vapor jet. Using well-characterized monodisperse polystyrene and silica particles as well as irregularly shaped alumina particl…

Autofinancement, information et connaissance.

2007

L'objectif de cette note est d’analyser les limites de la notion d’autofinancement dans la théorie financière traditionnelle fondée sur la notion d’asymétrie d’information et d’explorer comment l’adoption d’une perspective cognitive permet d’identifier de nouvelles pistes pour mieux comprendre les déterminants de l’autofinancement.

Le financement des partenaires sociaux après la loi Sapin du 5 mars 2014

2017

National audience; La loi Sapin du 5 mars 2014, relative à la formation professionnelle, à l'emploi et à la démocratie sociale n'a pas résolu les problèmes de fond posés par la formation continue des salariés. Elle instaure, à compter de 2015, une taxe sur les salaires visant à financer le "dialogue social", c'est-à-dire les organisations syndicales et patronales. Les quelques données publiées après la première année d'application montrent comment le produit de cette taxe, auquel s'ajoute une subvention de l'Etat, constitue la principale ressource des partenaires sociaux et que l'équilibre interne des organisations syndicales a été modifié au profit des directions centrales.

"Les contrats du commerce équitable"

2006

National audience

Quelques enseignements tirés de la recherche en finance d'entreprises.

2008

Financing of development and the international monetary system

1994

Three categories of developing countries must be distinguished. Of these, one cannot constitute either sufficient domestic savings, or a balance of trade surplus, which would allow it to finance its development. This same category which has no possibility^ to pay back its debts doesn't have a good standing among the borrowing countries, on the international financial market. International organizations don't have sufficient funds to face up tothe needs of these countries. Therefore, the current international monetary system is not favorable to these countries. Consequently, a reform of the international monetary system is necessary. This reform should make the study of international liquidi…

Finite element analysis of a Bionate ring-shaped customized lumbar disc nucleus prosthesis

2021

[EN] Study design: Biomechanical study of a nucleus replacement with a finite element model. Objective: To validate a Bionate 80A ring-shaped nucleus replacement. Methods: The ANSYS lumbar spine model made from lumbar spine X-rays and magnetic resonance images obtained from cadaveric spine specimens were used. All materials were assumed homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic. We studied three options: intact spine, nucleotomy, and nucleus implant. Two loading conditions were evaluated at L-3-L-4, L-4-L-5, and L-5-S-1 discs: a 1000 N axial compression load and this load after the addition of 8 Nm flexion moment in the sagittal plane plus 8 Nm axial rotation torque. Results: Maximum nuc…

Le plaisir à manger en EHPAD : point de vue du senior consommateur

2016

Revue; Le plaisir à manger en EHPAD : point de vue du senior consommateur. journée d'études ALIMS

Orientation and molecular contacts of melatonin confined into AOT and lecithin reversed micellar systems

2008

Abstract The state of increasing amounts of melatonin (MLT) confined in dry AOT or lecithin reversed micelles dispersed in CCl 4 has been investigated by UV–vis and 1 H NMR spectroscopies. The experimental results are consistent with MLT totally entrapped in reversed micelles, as a consequence of specific melatonin/surfactant interaction; the main driving force of the MLT solubilization in the core of reversed micelles is the establishment of H-bonding between the MLT NH groups (both indolic and amidic) and the head group of surfactants. The short contacts deduced from intermolecular NOEs are accounted for by favourable interactions between the surfactant's polar head and the H7–NH–H2 fragm…

Susceptibility of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to vibriosis due to Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E)

2002

The present study documents the susceptibility of Nile tilapia to the experimental vibriosis caused by Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E) using a reference strain (Spanish Collection of Type Cultures, CECT 4604) selected for its high degree of virulence for eels. The biotype 1 of this species is one of the usual organisms involved in epizootics occurred in tilapia. After intraperitoneal injection, the selected strain developed a haemorrhagic septicaemia similar to eel vibriosis with a LD50 four log units lower than that exhibited by the type strain of the species, which belongs to the biotype 1. The results obtained in waterborne and intubation challenges indicated that water and feed …