Search results for "CHOD"
showing 10 items of 372 documents
EFFECTS OF CROMAKALIM (BRL-34915) IN TRACHEA ISOLATED FROM ACTIVELY SENSITIZED GUINEA-PIGS
1993
Abstract The effects of cromakalim were examined in tracheal strips isolated from normal (unsensitized) guinea-pigs and from animals actively sensitized to bovine serum albumin. Sensitized tracheae exhibited hyper-responsiveness to KCl, acetylcholine and histamine. In normal and sensitized tracheae, cromakalim (0·01–10 μm) produced a concentration-related suppression of spontaneous tone. The ability of cromakalim to relax tracheal strips was reduced when tone was raised by KCl (25 Mm), acetylcholine (0·1 Mm) or histamine (0·1 Mm) and lost against KCl (120 Mm)-induced spasm. Procaine (5 Mm) abolished the relaxant effect of cromakalim whilst tetraethylammonium (8 Mm) was without effect. These…
Clinical and Biological Heterogeneity in Children with Moderate Asthma
2003
To evaluate the relationship between inflammatory markers and severity of asthma in children, the amount of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) released by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO) levels, p65 nuclear factor-kappaB subunit, and phosphorylated IkBalpha expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed in six control subjects, 12 steroid-naives subjects with intermittent asthma, and 17 children with moderate asthma. To investigate their predictive value, biomarker levels were correlated with the number of exacerbations during a 18-month follow-up period. We found that GM-CSF release was higher …
Pharmacological activity of PF-904 in guinea pig in vivo, and on human bronchus and neutrophils in vitro.
1997
The effects of PF-904 (4-amino-1-ethyl-6-methylpyrazino[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide), a pyrazinothiadiazine derivative, were examined in guinea-pig airways in vivo, in human isolated bronchus and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PF-904 (12.5-200 mg/kg, intraduodenal) reduced bronchoconstriction in response to histamine, arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and methacholine. PF-904 (50-200 mg/kg) prevented PAF-induced airways hyperreactivity and inhibited antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, airway microvascular leakage and eosinophil lung accumulation, but antigen-induced airways hyperresponsiveness was not reduced. PF-904 (1 microM-1 mM) produced complete inhibiti…
The Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Airway Inflammation of Childhood Asthma
2013
TGF-beta-targeting structural and inflammatory cells has been implicated in the mechanisms leading to the inflammatory and restructuring processes in asthma, suggesting an impact of TGF-beta1 signaling on the development and persistency of this disease. We investigated the potential early involvement of TGF-beta1 activity in the immunological and molecular mechanisms underlying progression of inflammation in childhood asthma. We evaluated the levels of TGF-beta1 in induced sputum supernatants (ISSs) and the expression of small mother cell against decapentaplegic (Smad) 2 and Smad7 proteins in induced sputum cells (ISCs) from children with intermittent asthma (IA), moderate asthma (MA) and c…
Does clinically relevant psychopathology in adolescents necessarily require treatment or does it “grow out”?
2021
OBJECTIVE: To determine the treatment effect of psychodynamic therapy for adolescents in comparison to normative developmental progression in two groups without treatment: healthy adolescents and adolescents with juvenile diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a 3-wave longitudinal study, n = 531 adolescents (n = 303 treated adolescents, n = 119 healthy, n = 109 with diabetes) and their parents filled out psychopathology questionnaires (Youth Self-Report [YSR] and Child Behaviour Checklist [CBCL]). Growth curve modeling (GCM) was used to examine within-person change in psychopathology while controlling for stable between-person differences. RESULTS: GCM analyses revealed significant with…
Age- and sex-dependent differences in patients with severe asthma included in the German Asthma Net cohort.
2020
Severe asthma affects less than 5% of asthmatics, but is associated with high costs and increased mortality. The aim of this study was to assess age- and sex-dependent differences in this patient group.Retrospective analysis of 1317 children and adults with severe asthma who are included in the German Asthma Net registry.There were more adults than children in the registry and patients' mean age was 52. Apart from children18 years, there were more women (57%) than men. The age of first diagnosis ranged from 0 to 76 years. 38% of patients had a positive bronchial reversibility after short acting bronchodilators. Quality of life, FEV1 and MEF 25 decreased with older age whereas treatment with…
Effects of inhaled glaucine on pulmonary responses to antigen in sensitized guinea pigs.
2000
The alkaloid (S)-(+)-1,2,9,10-tetramethoxyaporphine (glaucine) is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In this study, we examined the in vivo effects of glaucine on an animal model of asthma. In ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs, inhaled glaucine (10 mg ml(-1), 3 min) inhibited the acute bronchoconstriction produced by aerosol antigen (antigen response was 256+/-42 and 95+/-14 cm H(2)O l(-1) s(-1) in control and glaucine-treated animals, respectively; P<0.05). Pretreatment with glaucine (10 mg ml(-1), 10 min inhalation, 30 min pre- and 3 h post-antigen exposure) markedly reduced airway hyperreactivity to histamine, eosinophil lung accum…
Indacaterol vs tiotropium in COPD patients classified as GOLD A and B
2015
SummaryIntroductionAccording to current GOLD strategy, patients with COPD classified as groups A and B may be treated with inhaled bronchodilators, either long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) or long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). However, there is little guidance on which class of agent is preferred and a lack of prospective data to differentiate the two.MethodsIn this study, we performed post-hoc analyses of pooled data from two prospective, controlled clinical trials comparing the LABA indacaterol and LAMA tiotropium in 1422 patients with moderate airflow limitation and no history of exacerbations in the previous year. This population fits the definitions of GOLD A and B groups and could …
High-resolution computed tomography quantitation of emphysema is correlated with selected lung function values in stable COPD
2012
<b><i>Background:</i></b> The literature shows conflicting results when high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores of emphysema were correlated with different indices of airflow obstruction. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We correlated HRCT scores of emphysema with different indices of airflow obstruction. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed HRCT of the chest in 59 patients, all smokers or ex-smokers, with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of different severity [GOLD stages I–IV; mean age ± SD 67.8 ± 7.3 years; pack/years 51.0 ± 34.6; percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</su…
Bronchodilatory Effect of Deep Inspiration Is Absent in Subjects With Mild COPD
2004
Study objectives To investigate whether the bronchodilatory effect of deep inspiration is impaired in subjects with COPD. Methods We measured deep inspiration-induced bronchodilation in 19 patients with COPD and 17 healthy subjects (mean age, 67.8 ± 7.1 years vs 62.5 ± 9.3 years, respectively [± SEM]). Each subject underwent a series of single-dose methacholine provocations to induce at least a 15% reduction in inspiratory vital capacity (IVC). When this was achieved, subjects were asked to perform four consecutive deep inspirations, after which the IVC measurement was repeated and the percentage of bronchodilation by deep inspiration was calculated. Results The percentage of reduction in I…