Search results for "CHON"

Intramyocellular topography of lipid droplets and OXPAT in obesity and type II diabetes

2010

Nowadays in the westernized world, high caloric diet and sedentarism are driving populations to accumulate ectopic fat, especially in skeletal muscle. Such is associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR) related metabolic diseases, as type II diabetes (T2D) and obesity (OB). Like IR individuals, athletes also show high intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) contents, denoting qualitative rather than quantitative differences between insulin sensitive (IS) and IR individuals IMCL. PAT proteins and OXPAT specifically, are among the main regulators of lipid droplets (LDs) in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that different IS profiles are distinguishable through LD and OXPAT localization a…

Mitochondrial function and sirtuin expression in hippocampus of young and old high- and low-capacity runner rats

2016

Introduction: Exercise and aerobic capacity are associated with improved learning in animals and humans. The hippocampus is a brain structure involved in learning and memory. High rates of neurogenesis have been shown to take place in the dental gyrus of hippocampus in response to physical exercise. It is not known whether mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus is responsible for decline in cognitive function associated with low fitness level and aging, and whether intrinsic aerobic capacity is a risk factor for it. Methods: Mitochondrial function was investigated in the hippocampi of young and old highcapacity runner (HCR) and low-capacity runner (LCR) rats using high-performance res…

Effects of high-fat diet and physical activity on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 in mouse skeletal muscle

2012

Background. The expression of PDK4 is elevated by diabetes, fasting and other conditions associated with the switch from the utilization of glucose to fatty acids as an energy source. It is previously shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of energy metabolism, coactivates in cell lines pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) gene expression via the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). We investigated the effects of long-term high-fat diet and physical activity on the expression of PDK4, PGC-1α and ERRα and the amount and function of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Methods. Insulin resistance was induced by a high-fat (HF) diet for…

Mutacje w mitochondrialnym DNA i reaktywne formy tlenu jako czynniki wpływające na procesy starzenia się komórek i organizmów

2016

MITOCHONDRIA DURING SEA URCHIN OVOGENESIS

2009

Mitochondrial DNA deletion and male infertility

2010

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DELETIONS AND MALE INFERTILITY Salerno Barbara, Gerardi Eliana and Elena Carra Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo,Università di Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy; In men, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia and azoospermia are the main causes of infertility. The present research is aimed to investigate if mtDNA deletions can cause sperm defects in idiopathic astenozoospermic patients with different sperm motility and sperm concentration. The aim of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that whole sperm samples with lower levels of motility would have a higher incidence of spermatozoa with deletions in mitochondrial genome…

Mitochondrial cannabinoid receptors gate corticosterone impact on novel object recognition

2023

: Corticosteroid-mediated stress responses require the activation of complex brain circuits involving mitochondrial activity, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are scantly known. The endocannabinoid system is implicated in stress coping, and it can directly regulate brain mitochondrial functions via type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors associated with mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1). In this study, we show that the impairing effect of corticosterone in the novel object recognition (NOR) task in mice requires mtCB1 receptors and the regulation of mitochondrial calcium levels in neurons. Different brain circuits are modulated by this mechanism to mediate the impact of cortico…

Brain Opioid Activity and Oxidative Injury: Different Molecular Scenarios Connecting Celiac Disease and Autistic Spectrum Disorder

2020

Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease triggered by the ingestion of wheat gliadin and related prolamins from other cereals, such as barley and rye. Immunity against these cereal-derived proteins is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by both innate and adaptive system response in individuals unable to adequately digest them. Peptides generated in this condition are absorbed across the gut barrier, which in these patients is characterized by the deregulation of its permeability. Here, we discuss a possible correlation between CD and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) pathogenesis. ASD can be induced by an excessive and inappropriate brain opioid activity during the neon…

Greater mitochondrial energy production provides resistance to ocean acidification in "winning" hermatypic corals

2021

Coral communities around the world are projected to be negatively affected by ocean acidification. Not all coral species will respond in the same manner to rising CO2 levels. Evidence from naturally acidified areas such as CO2 seeps have shown that although a few species are resistant to elevated CO2, most lack sufficient resistance resulting in their decline. This has led to the simple grouping of coral species into “winners” and “losers,” but the physiological traits supporting this ecological assessment are yet to be fully understood. Here using CO2 seeps, in two biogeographically distinct regions, we investigated whether physiological traits related to energy production [mitochondrial e…

2019

Charcot–Marie tooth disease is a hereditary polyneuropathy caused by mutations in Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a GTPase in the outer mitochondrial membrane involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and bioenergetics. Autosomal-dominant inheritance of a R94Q mutation in MFN2 causes the axonal subtype 2A2A which is characterized by early onset and progressive atrophy of distal muscles caused by motoneuronal degeneration. Here, we studied mitochondrial shape, respiration, cytosolic, and mitochondrial ATP content as well as mitochondrial quality control in MFN2-deficient fibroblasts stably expressing wildtype or R94Q MFN2. Under normal culture conditions, R94Q cells had slightly more fragmented…