Search results for "CHOP"

P-515 - CGI Rating to predict antidepressant treatment under naturalistic conditions

2012

Introduction Recent studies have shown that psychopathological rating by the Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAMD) is well established and highly predictive for later response. In this study we aimed to find out if Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale is suitable to guide antidepressive treatment under naturalistic conditions. Methods Inpatients with a major depressive disorder and treatment with citalopram were included and rated using in parallel the HAMD scale and the CGI scale weekly at baseline to day 35. According to CGI the sample has been divided in “CGI improver” (CGI = 2–4) and “CGI non-improver” (CGI = 5–6). Response was defined as HAMD sum score reduction by at least 50%. Re…

The necessity of placebo application in psychotropic drug trials.

1990

Clinical risk factors for bipolar disorders: A systematic review of prospective studies

2014

Background: Early phases and suspected precursor states of bipolar disorder are not well characterized. We evaluate the prevalence, duration, clinical features and predictive value of non-affective psychopathology as clinical risk factors for bipolar disorder in prospective studies. Methods: We screened PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, SCOPUS, and ISI-Web of Science databases from inception up to January 31, 2014, following PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and searched: bipolar disorder AND [antecedentn OR predictn OR prodromn OR prospectn OR riskn] AND [diagnosis OR development]. We included only English language reports on prospective…

P02-358 - Clinical Findings on Computergame Addiction: The Role of Personality, Stress and Coping

2010

IntroductionBehavioral addictions, like computergame addiction respectively internet addiction, have become a growing concern in research. Currently similarities between behavioral addictions and substance dependency are discussed in the scientific community controversially. Unfortunately a mismatch exists between high rates of treatment seeking people and low rates of scientific studies on computergame-addiction, especially concerning risk factors and their contribution to the etiology of computergame addiction.ObjectivesThe aim of this contribution is to shed light on possible etiological factors of computergame addiction concerning personality and vulnerability to stress in clients of th…

Behavioural Cardiology at the Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany

2008

Abstract. We provide a short overview of the research in Behavioural Cardiology at the Department of Psychology at the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz focussing on two lines of research: Studies of psychosocial variables that might enhance or attenuate cardiovascular risk in healthy individuals and studies of psychosocial variables and health behaviours that might impact the health status of patients listed for heart transplantation. Our studies so far suggest that psychosocial factors like anxiety and repressive coping impact information processing and cardiovascular responses to stress. Moreover, we examine the impact of health-protective resource variables including self-efficacy an…

Self-Concept, Body Image, and Perceived Health

2001

Studies of chronically ill adolescents have typically concentrated too much on social resources as factors that can buffer the effects of stress, while neglecting internal resources, such as self-concept and overall health (Cohen & Wills, 1985; Jamison, Lewis, & Burish, 1986). For a long time, studies on diabetic adolescents only focused on certain aspects of internal resources. Corresponding to studies carried out on adults with diabetes, much research concentrated on understanding the “diabetic personality” (Dunn & Turtle, 1981). It is surprising that so little consideration has been given to examining the role of the self-concept, because it is known that this internal resource is centra…

Mafia and psychopathy

2014

Background In popular culture, Mafia members are often portrayed as ruthless, callous and remorseless, but there is no empirical research on their personality traits. Aims The goal of this research was to examine levels of psychopathic traits among Mafia members who have been convicted of a criminal offence. Methods The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) rated 30 Italian adult male prisoners who had been convicted for Mafia-related crimes (86% resident in one 6-month period) and 39 next adjacent convicted men who were not enrolled in any criminal organisation. Results Mafia members obtained lower PCL-R total scores, interpersonal and affective (PCL-R factor 1) scores and lifestyle scores…

Differentiating hypochondriasis from panic disorder

2003

Hypochondriasis and panic disorder are both characterized by prevalent health anxieties and illness beliefs. Therefore, the question as to whether they represent distinct nosological entities has been raised. This study examines how clinical characteristics can be used to differentiate both disorders, taking the possibility of mixed symptomatologies (comorbidity) into account. We compared 46 patients with hypochondriasis, 45 with panic disorder, and 21 with comorbid hypochondriasis plus panic disorder. While panic patients had more comorbidity with agoraphobia, hypochondriasis was more closely associated with somatization. Patients with panic disorder were less pathological than hypochondri…

Chronic oral haloperidol and clozapine in rats: A behavioral evaluation.

1999

The present study evaluated chronic oral treatment of rats with haloperidol or clozapine. Drugs were given in the drinking water for a 23-day period . Rat behavior was analyzed once a week in an open field. Rats ingested either 1.7 mg/kg haloperidol or 40 mg/kg clozapine daily. Blood serum analysis revealed concentrations of 6 ng/ml for haloperidol and 22 ng/ml for clozapine at the end of the treatment. Haloperidol decreased overall activity from the onset of treatment. Clozapine showed similar effects only on the last test day. Control animals showed a slight habituation in exploration-related parameters. In conclusion, these results indicate that oral drug administration through the drink…

Training Psychiatry Residents in Descriptive Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

2021

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Descriptive psychopathology (DP, sometimes called psychopathology or phenomenology) is the language of psychiatry and is dedicated to the description of mental symptoms. Due to its importance, there is an ongoing case to put it back at the heart of psychiatry and its training. This study seeks to examine the literature on how to train psychiatry residents in DP, including reported educational interventions and educational methods. <b><i>Method:</i></b> The authors conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA and BEME guidelines to identify literature on how to train psychiatry residents in DP. In May 2019, they sea…