Search results for "CISPLATIN"
showing 10 items of 267 documents
Protective effect of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) on the cytotoxic and recombinogenic activity of different antineoplastic drugs
1996
The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes alkyl groups from the O6 position of guanine in DNA and thus may protect cells against genotoxic effects of agents inducing this lesion. To analyze quantitatively the level of protection mediated by MGMT against antineoplastic drugs, we determined the cytotoxic and recombinogenic (sister-chromatid exchange inducing) effects of various chemotherapeutic agents in a pair of isogenic Chinese hamster cell lines deficient and proficient for MGMT, generated upon transfection with human MGMT cDNA. Furthermore, we compared the responses of the human cell lines HeLa MR (MGMT deficient) and HeLa S3 (MGMT proficient) to the va…
Human malignant mesothelioma is recapitulated in immunocompetent BALB/c mice injected with murine AB cells
2016
Malignant Mesothelioma is a highly aggressive cancer, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Here we describe the molecular, cellular and morphological characterization of a syngeneic system consisting of murine AB1, AB12 and AB22 mesothelioma cells injected in immunocompetent BALB/c mice, which allows the study of the interplay of tumor cells with the immune system. Murine mesothelioma cells, like human ones, respond to exogenous High Mobility Group Box 1 protein, a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern that acts as a chemoattractant for leukocytes and as a proinflammatory mediator. The tumors derived from AB cells are morphologically and histologically similar to human MM tumors, and res…
Metal drugs and the anticancer immune response
2018
The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation ("immune surveillance"). Hence, a clinically apparent tumor already reflects selection for those malignant cell clones capable of evading immune recognition ("immune evasion"). Metal drugs, besides their well-investigated cytotoxic anticancer effects, massively interact with the cancer-immune interface and can reverse important aspects of immune evasion. This topic has recently gained intense attention based on combination approaches with anticancer immunotherapy (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors), a strategy recently delivering first exciting…
Xrcc2 deficiency sensitizes cells to apoptosis by MNNG and the alkylating anticancer drugs temozolomide, fotemustine and mafosfamide
2006
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are potent killing lesions, and inefficient repair of DSBs does not only lead to cell death but also to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. DSBs are repaired by non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination (HR). A key player in HR is Xrcc2, a Rad51-like protein. Cells deficient in Xrcc2 are hypersensitive to X-rays and mitomycin C and display increased chromosomal aberration frequencies. In order to elucidate the role of Xrcc2 in resistance to anticancer drugs, we compared Xrcc2 knockout (Xrcc2-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts with the corresponding isogenic wild-type and Xrcc2 complemented knockout cells. We show that Xrcc2-/- cells are hypersen…
Anthropometric and pharmacotherapeutic variables on acute emesis induced by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.
2000
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effects of anthropometric and pharmacotherapeutic variables on acute emesis induced by cisplatin-containing regimens with dosages ·50 mg·m−2. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional, noncontrolled study was performed to analyze acute vomiting during the first 24 hours in patients treated in a Spanish hospital. The patients received an intravenous combination of drugs (2 doses of metoclopramide 3 mg/kg, dexamethasone 20 mg) as first-choice antiemetic therapy. Intravenous ondansetron 8 mg and dexamethasone 20 mg served as an alternative regimen in patients <30 years old with a history of extrapyramidal manifestations or emesis in previous cycles. Therapeutic …
Steroidal glycosides from Ornithogalum dubium Houtt
2018
The phytochemical study of Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. (Asparagaceae) led to the isolation of five undescribed steroidal glycosides together with two known ones. Their structures were established by using NMR analysis and mass spectrometry as (25R)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, (25S)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, (22S)-16β-[(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)oxy]-22-hydroxycholest-5-en-3β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, (22S,23S)-1β,3β,11α,16β,23-pentahydroxy-5α-cholest-24-en-22β-yl β-D-glucopyranoside, (22S,23S)-3β-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-22,23-dihydroxy-5α-cholest-24-en-16β-yl O-α-…
Minimally invasive secondary cytoreduction plus HIPEC for recurrent ovarian cancer: a case series.
2014
Objective To analyze the feasibility of laparoscopic/robotic secondary cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal intra-operative chemotherapy (SCS + HIPEC) in a retrospective series of isolated platinum sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive series of ovarian cancer patients with isolated platinum sensitive relapse. Isolated relapse was defined as the presence of a single nodule, in a single anatomic site. In all cases the presence of isolated relapse was assessed at pre-operative FDG-PET/CT scan, and confirmed with staging laparoscopy performed immediately before SCS + HIPEC. Results 84 women with platinum sensitive relapse recei…
Cisplatin and epirubicin plus oral lonidamine as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer: A phase II study of the Southern Italy Oncology G…
1998
Lonidamine (LND) is a unique antineoplastic drug derived from indazole-3-carboxylic acid which inhibits oxygen consumption and aerobic glycolysis, interfering with energy metabolism of neoplastic cells. LND has been experimentally shown to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of epirubicin (EPI) in human breast cancer cell lines, cisplatin activity in both platinum-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell lines, and EPI antineoplastic activity in some recent phase III trials carried out in advanced breast cancer. A multicenter phase II trial was carried out with the combination of cisplatin 60 mg/m2, EPI 100 mg/m2 and LND 450 mg/day p.o. in three refracted doses/day starting 2 days…
Long-term outcomes in stage IIIB breast cancer patients who achieved less than a pathological complete response (pCR) after primary chemotherapy.
2009
Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Summarize the main risk factors for relapse in patients with T4 breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Evaluate the role of hormone receptors and HER-2 as determinants of risk of relapse after neoadjuvant treatment.Compare the difference in outcomes between patients who achieve less than pCR in relation to receptor status. This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com. Purpose. Pathological complete response (pCR) to primary chemotherapy is the main determinant for improved disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The primary endpoints of ou…
Phase II trial of bevacizumab and dose/dense chemotherapy with cisplatin and metronomic daily oral etoposide in advanced non-small-cell-lung cancer p…
2011
Bevacizumab, is a humanized monoclonal antibody to vasculo-endothelial- growth-factor, with anticancer activity in non-small-cell-lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our previous results from a dose/finding phase I trial in NSCLC patients, demonstrated the anti-angiogenic effects and toxicity of a newest bevacizumab-based combination with fractioned cisplatin and daily oral etoposide. We designed a phase II trial to evaluate in advanced NSCLC patients the antitumor activity and the safety of this novel regimen. In particular, 45 patients (36 males and 9 females), with a mean age of 54 years, an ECOG ≤2, stage III B/IV and NSCLC (28 adenocarcinomas, 11 squamous-cell carcinomas, 2 large-cell carcin…