Search results for "CLASSIFICATION."
showing 10 items of 29269 documents
Technical English for agriculture
2021
As the world goes global, the agricultural business needs to move across frontiers and oceans. Food, raw and processed, is regularly transported across continents. As space is no longer a limit for food trade and human nutrition, language cannot represent a barrier to this continuous exchange. In the last 60 years, English has been taking a foothold as the primary language for world trade and the exchange of agricultural goods is no exception. Agricultural sciences embrace a large number of disciplines, from botany to environmental physiology, from soil science to meteorology, from plant propagation to cultural management, from soil management to pest control, from field crops to animal husb…
Characterization of Erwinia gerundensis A4, an Almond-Derived Plant Growth-Promoting Endophyte
2021
The rapidly increasing global population and anthropogenic climate change have created intense pressure on agricultural systems to produce increasingly more food under steadily challenging environmental conditions. Simultaneously, industrial agriculture is negatively affecting natural and agricultural ecosystems because of intensive irrigation and fertilization to fully utilize the potential of high-yielding cultivars. Growth-promoting microbes that increase stress tolerance and crop yield could be a useful tool for helping mitigate these problems. We investigated if commercially grown almonds might be a resource for plant colonizing bacteria with growth promotional traits that could be use…
Targeted Drug Delivery in Plants: Enzyme‐Responsive Lignin Nanocarriers for the Curative Treatment of the Worldwide Grapevine Trunk Disease Esca
2019
Abstract Nanocarrier (NC)‐mediated drug delivery is widely researched in medicine but to date has not been used in agriculture. The first curative NC‐based treatment of the worldwide occurring grapevine trunk disease Esca, with more than 2 billion infected plants causing a loss yearly of $1.5 billion, is presented. To date, only repetitive spraying of fungicides is used to reduce chances of infection. This long‐term treatment against Esca uses minimal amounts of fungicide encapsulated in biobased and biodegradable lignin NCs. A single trunk injection of <10 mg fungicide results in curing of an infected plant. Only upon Esca infection, ligninolytic enzymes, secreted by the Esca‐associated fu…
Drug Delivery in Plants: Targeted Drug Delivery in Plants: Enzyme-Responsive Lignin Nanocarriers for the Curative Treatment of the Worldwide Grapevin…
2019
In article number 1802315, Jochen Fischer, Frederik R. Wurm, and co‐workers report the first nanocarrier‐mediated drug delivery in plants. Enzyme‐degradable lignin nanocarriers are injected into the trunks of grapevine plants. They release a fungicide selectively inside of the plants and are able to cure the worldwide fungal plant disease Esca for the first time. This strategy will reduce the extensive spraying of pesticides in agriculture. Image credit: Katharina Maisenbacher.
Varying plant protein sources in the diet of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax differently affects lipid metabolism and deposition
2010
The liver activity of lipogenic enzymes, the lipid content in various tissues, and plasma lipid levels of major, were measured in sea bass (D. labrax) fed over 96 days either a, fish meal-based control diet or preparations where 70% of fish meal protein was replaced by wheat gluten singly or in combination with pea or soybean meals. Relative to the controls, sea bass fed the wheat gluten-based diet resulted in stimulated lipogenesis in liver and increased lipid deposition in muscle. The opposite occurred when a substantial amount of soybean meal was included in the diet. Mesenteric fat depots were apparently insensitive to major changes in dietary protein source in fish showing similar inta…
Perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline
2015
International audience; Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). MAMP detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). In this review, we overview the RLKs and RLPs that assure early recognition and control of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria. We also highlight the crucial func…
Recent progress on the superconducting ion source VENUS.
2012
The 28 GHz Ion Source VENUS (versatile ECR for nuclear science) is back in operation after the superconducting sextupole leads were repaired and a fourth cryocooler was added. VENUS serves as an R&D device to explore the limits of electron cyclotron resonance source performance at 28 GHz with its 10 kW gryotron and optimum magnetic fields and as an ion source to increase the capabilities of the 88-Inch Cyclotron both for nuclear physics research and applications. The development and testing of ovens and sputtering techniques cover a wide range of applications. Recent experiments on bismuth demonstrated stable operation at 300 eμA of Bi31+, which is in the intensity range of interest for hig…
Self-healing, luminescent metallogelation driven by synergistic metallophilic and fluorine–fluorine interactions
2020
Square planar platinum(ii) complexes are attractive building blocks for multifunctional soft materials due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, for soft materials derived from synthetically simple discrete metal complexes, achieving a combination of optical properties, thermoresponsiveness and excellent mechanical properties is a major challenge. Here, we report the rapid self-recovery of luminescent metallogels derived from platinum(ii) complexes of perfluoroalkyl and alkyl derivatives of terpyridine ligands. Using single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, we show that the presence of synergistic platinum-platinum (PtMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISPt) metallopolymerization and f…
PtII versus PdII-assisted [2+3] cycloadditions of nitriles and nitrone. Synthesis of nitrile-derived arylamido platinum(II) and Δ4-1,2,4-oxadiazoline…
2019
Abstract The reactions of bis(organonitrile) platinum(II) complexes trans-[PtCl2(N CR)2] (R = C6H4(p-HC O), CH2C6H4(p-CH3)) with pyrroline N-oxide −O+N CHCH2CH2CMe2 afford arylamido platinum(II) complexes trans-[PtCl2{(O CR)N CCH2CH2CMe2NH}2] (R = C6H4(p-HC O) (1), CH2C6H4(p-CH3) (2)). The spectral data of 1 and 2 show that the oxadiazoline rings in both cases have opened by a spontaneous N O bond cleavage to form (Z)-p-formyl-N-(5,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)benzamide or (Z)-N-(5,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)-2-p-tolylacetamide ligands, respectively, where the N-atoms of the benzamide or acetamide moieties coordinate to platinum(II) metal centre in trans positions. However, the reacti…
Bis(hydroxyammonium) hexachloridoplatinate(IV)–18-crown-6 (1/2)
2014
In the title complex, (NH3OH)2[PtCl6]·2C12H24O6, the PtIV atom is coordinated by six chloride anions in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The Pt—Cl bond lengths are comparable to those reported for other hexachloridoplatinate(IV) species. The hydroxyammonium groups act as linkers between the [PtCl6]2− anion and the crown ether molecules. The anion is linked to two hydroxyammonium cations via O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds and each hydroxyammonium moiety is linked to a crown ether molecule by hydrogen bonds between ammonium H atoms and 18-crown-6 O atoms. The crown ether molecules have the classic crown shape in which all O atoms are located in the inner part of the crown ether ring and all…